Physicochemical and nutritional features of Gleditsia japonica shell biochar under different pyrolysis conditions

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study aimed to investigate the effects of pyrolysis temperature (200–700 °C) and duration (2 h, 4 h) on...     

Atmospheric Mercury Pollution in Beijing

Abstract

The atmospheric mercury pollution in Beijing is a serious problem. Atmospheric mercury has three sources: natural emission, anthropogenic emission and previously deposited mercury reemission or recycling, composing elemental mercury, divalent mercury and particulate-phase mercury. Many studies showed that mercury in Beijing’s air was higher than the general level of mercury concentration in the atmosphere. Mercury emission sources were discussed. Industrial emissions, coal burning, vehicle exhaust emissions and waste incineration were thought to be the main sources of atmospheric mercury pollution in Beijing. And also meteorology has an effect on atmospheric mercury concentration in Beijing. Measures have been taken to control the emission of mercury into the air in recent years.     

重污染河道钝化底泥对紫花苜蓿生长及重金属吸收的影响

河道底泥重金属污染是限制底泥资源化利用的主要因素。采用盆栽实验研究了沈阳细河重污染河道底泥与碱性炉渣和锯木屑配比后养分含量变化及对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)生长的影响。结果表明:钝化底泥基质中有机质和养分含量较高,能满足植物初期生长所需养分,但相对保肥能力较低。将底泥采用碱性炉煤渣钝化处理后,钝化底泥基质上紫花苜蓿生物量及株高均显著高于纯底泥处理,其中SD4处理(河道底泥∶燃煤炉渣∶锯木屑=1.0∶1.0∶0.5)中的植株长势最好。所有钝化底泥基质上紫花苜蓿地上部和根部重金属含量极显著降低,而且根部重金属含量显著高于地上部含量。与纯底泥对照相比,钝化底泥基质上紫花苜蓿地上部和根部对重金属Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的富集系数(BCF)和转移系数(TF)均小于1.0。     

成都市大气中挥发性有机物的时空分布特征及臭氧生成潜势研究

对成都市2011—2012年期间大气中的VOCs在不同季节、不同功能区及不同高度的浓度和组成进行了SUMMA钢罐采样法监测与实验室分析,并讨论其臭氧生成潜势.结果表明:采样期间成都市大气中VOCs的季节变化为:秋季(106.0μg·m-3)夏季(74.5μg·m-3)春季(54.1μg·m-3)冬季(45.8μg·m-3).烷烃、酯类、醇类日变化规律呈单峰型,峰值在8:00出现,与交通流量的变化有关;烯烃和芳香烃的日变化规律则呈双峰型.烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃、醇类在不同功能区的浓度顺序为:交通居民混合区工业区风景区,而醛酮类则为:工业区交通居民混合区风景区.在垂直方向上,距地面78 m处TVOCs浓度最高,这可能与当时采样期间大气为逆温层结有关,其中,烷烃、芳香烃为主要组分.不同VOCs的平均臭氧生成潜势(OFP)及其贡献率排序为:芳香烃(75.5%)烯烃(23.8%)烷烃(0.8%);不同功能区的OFP排序为:交通居民混合区工业区风景区.     

用高压脉冲放电等离子体处理印染废水的研究

提出了用高压毫微秒脉冲产生的非平衡等离子体处理印染废水的方法。用该法对直接蓝２Ｂ染料水溶液进行处理试验的结果表明：在溶液初始pH值于小9.04,染料水溶液处理30秒时,水样上清液COD降低42.6％。随着处理时间的加长,水样上清液的COD不再降低,反而不断升高,在处理一定时间后,COD高于未处理水样的COD。包括沉淀水样的COD,随处理时间的加长,不断升高．用色质联用法检测处理后染料溶液中的产物,发现有有机酸生成,说明该处理方法能有效破坏染料分子中的苯环或苯环结构。     

BDE-28及BDE-99对斑马鱼早期生命阶段HPT、HPG和HPA轴功能基因表达水平的影响

2,4,4'-三溴联苯醚(2,4,4'-tribromodiphenyl,BDE-28)和2,2',4,4',5-五溴联苯醚(2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether,BDE-99)在水环境中广泛存在,并且发现在我国长江下游鱼体内和底泥中检出含量较高。目前针对2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether,BDE-47)的水生生物内分泌干扰效应和机制报道较多,而对于检出水平较高的BDE-28和BDE-99的相关方面研究还比较缺乏。本文将斑马鱼鱼卵分别暴露于2、20和200μg·L~(-1)的BDE-28和BDE-99溶液中,借助q-RT-PCR的方法研究它们对斑马鱼幼鱼的下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺(hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroidal,HPT)、下丘脑-垂体-性腺(hypothalamuspituitary-gonadal,HPG)和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal,HPA)轴上50个基因的影响。结果发现,在受精后120 h(hours post fertilization,hpf)时,暴露于2、20和200μg·L~(-1)的BDE-28和BDE-99的实验组中斑马鱼HPT、HPG和HPA轴上相关基因的表达均受到影响,其中BDE-28主要导致三轴相关基因显著上调,而BDE-99导致三轴相关基因显著下调。BDE-28和BDE-99对斑马鱼早期阶段3个主要内分泌分子通路的影响将导致内分泌功能的改变,从而可能会对斑马鱼的后期生长发育产生影响。另外,主成分分析发现2种不同溴取代个数的PBDE类物质(BDE-28和BDE-99)通过不同的毒性机制对斑马鱼产生不良影响。     

滤料对城镇污水曝气生物滤池工程设计及运行的影响

详细阐述了滤料的理化性质,如孔隙率、孔隙大小、亲水性、粒径、滤层高度等对曝气生物滤池运行效果的影响,在此基础上,提出了城镇污水处理中不同功能曝气生物滤池滤料的选型原则及设计参数,以期能够为规范和推广城镇污水曝气生物滤池的工程应用提供参考.     

氟石膏制备粉刷石膏技术研究

以氟化盐厂排放的工业废渣氟石膏为原料,通过实验研究了氟石膏物理性质及激发剂对其性能的影响。并以此为基材,添加水泥、生石灰等其他外加剂研制出氟石膏干混粉刷石膏砂浆,该抹面材料各项指标达到国家标准,具有良好的施工性能,开辟了氟石膏资源利用新途径。     

Spatial distribution and seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminations in surface water from the Hun River, Northeast China

The objectives of this study were to investigate the levels, dispersion patterns, seasonal variation, and sources of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 EPA-PAHs) in the Hun River of Liaoning Province, China. Samples of surface water were collected from upstream to downstream locations, and also from the main tributaries of the Hun River in dry period, flood period, and level period, respectively. After appropriate preparation, all samples were analyzed for 16 EPA-PAHs. Total PAHs concentrations varied from 124.55 to 439.27 ng l^?1 in surface water in dry period, 1,615.75 to 5,270.04 ng l^?1 in flood period, and 2,247.42 to 7,767.9 ng l^?1 in level period. The 16 EPA-PAHs concentrations were significantly increased in the order of level period > flood period > dry period. The composition pattern of PAHs in surface water was dominated by low molecular weight PAHs, in particular two- to three-ring PAHs. In addition, two-ring PAH accounted for 39.33 to 88.27 % of the total PAHs in level period. Low molecular weight PAHs predomination together with higher levels of PAHs in flood and level period suggested a relatively recent local source of PAHs. Special PAHs ratios such as phenanthrene/anthracene and fluoranthene/pyrene indicated that under dry weather season conditions, the PAHs found in surface water were primarily from petrogenic source, while under wet weather season conditions they were from mixed source of both petrogenic inputs and combustion sources. The comparison of PAHs contamination among different types of areas in China suggested that atmospheric depositions might be the most important approaches of PAHs into water system. Although the Hun River exists low PAHs ecological risk now, potential toxic effects will be existed in the future especially in flood and level period.     

典型海滨和内陆城市PM10中的碳成分初步研究

为了分析碳成分在海滨和内陆城市的浓度现状、季节变化和日变化特征,于2009-11-2—2009-11-4(秋季)、2009-12-21—2009-12-23(冬季)、2010-4-27—2010-4-30(春季)和2010-8-26—2010-8-29(夏季)连续同步密集采集了厦门和成都大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品,并采用IMPROVE热光分析法分析了PM10中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC),采用燃烧氧化-非分散红外吸收法测定了样品中的水溶性有机碳(WSOC),采用乙基紫-分光光度法测定样品中阴离子表面活性物质(EVAS)的浓度.结果显示,海滨和内陆城市PM10中碳成分含量季节分布明显,冬春季含量较高,夏秋季含量较低.各季碳成分含量日变化趋势不完全相同.WSOC与OC和EC相关分析结果显示,WSOCs主要来源于光化学反应形成的二次污染物.