北固山湿地土壤氮磷的空间分布特征

镇江北固山湿地是一以芦苇(Phragmites australis)和虉草(Phalaris arundinacea L.)为优势植物的滨江湿地,土壤中氮磷空间分布对了解湿地水体的富营养化具有重要意义.在北固山湿地的典型区域内布点采样,对土壤中氮磷进行分析,研究了湿地土壤氮磷水平变异性及氮磷在不同植被区土壤中的空间分布规律.结果表明:北固山湿地全氮主要分布在0～60 cm土壤层,表层土壤中全磷质量分数显著高于下层土壤.土壤各层次全磷的水平变异性普遍高于全氮,尤其在20～40 cm土壤层全磷的变异系数达到52.34%,说明氮素在各层次分布相对均匀.植被类型对土壤中氮磷的空间分布有较大影响,虉草区各土壤层全氮、全磷质量分数均高于芦苇区,其0～20 cm和20～40 cm土壤层全磷质量分数亦高于空地.受污水排放、内江水冲洗等作用,污染空地及三个排污口全氮、全磷质量分数分别呈现不同的空间变化规律.研究结果为湿地生态恢复和生态清淤提供参考.     

The correlation between gradients of descending roads and accident rates

The traffic accident rate on descending roads on mountainous highways is quite high. To study the effects of vertical gradient and length of road on traffic accidents on continuous descending roads, data from 1413 traffic accidents over an 85.43 km section of road were collected. By taking parameters such as the gradients in accident sites, and taking the average gradient in N km (N = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) just prior to the accident sites as the profile parameter, scatter diagrams were drawn to explore the effects of the profile parameters on the distribution of traffic accidents. Analysis of the exponential regression and correlation analysis between accident rates and profile parameters was carried out as well. The research results show that the accident rate increases with average vertical gradient exponentially; the differences between accident rate and different profile parameters are significant; the accident rate has a good exponential relationship with average gradients when a section has a 2 km or 3 km slope just prior to the accident sites i.e. the accident rate at a specific section on a continuous descending road is related to the average gradient in 2–3 km descending sections just prior to the accident site. The findings indicate that a steep gradient alone is not the reason for an accident, but we also have to take into consideration the presence of a “continuous long” descent prior to it.     

One-pot molten salt method for constructing CdS/C3N4 nanojunctions with highly enhanced photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction

The construction of heterojunction photocatalysts for efficiently utilizing solar energy has attracted considerable attention to solve the energy crisis and reduce environmental pollution. In this study, we use the energy released from an easily-occurred exothermic chemical reaction to serve as the drive force to trigger the formation of Cd S and C₃N₄ nanocomposites which are successfully fabricated with cadmium nitrate and thiourea without addition of any solvents and prot...     

混凝气浮处理酸性大红3R的实验研究

实验研究了pH值、七水硫酸镁用量、十二烷基硫酸钠用量和气浮时间对酸性大红3R混凝气浮处理的影响。对比了混凝气浮和混凝沉淀处理酸性大红3R的效果。结果表明,pH值的调节和混凝剂的投加对酸性大红3R混凝气浮的处理效果影响较大,浮选剂对气浮效率有一定提高,杂质可在较短时间内浮出,混凝气浮起到一定深度处理效果。当混凝剂用量为647 mg/L,浮选剂用量为2 mg/L,pH值为11,气浮时间为3 min时,吸光度和色度去除率分别达到87.7％和84.9%。紫外-可见光谱图显示在pH为13时苯环、萘环或杂环不饱和体系会吸收—OH助色基团。     

氨氮废水处理技术研究进展

针对氨氮废水排放导致的点源污染问题,本文综述了低浓度氨氮废水和高浓度氨氮废水的处理技术在国内外研究进展。低浓度氨氮废水的处理技术包括：生物法,折点加氯法,沉淀法,离子交换法等;高浓度氨氮废水处理技术包括：物化法,生物法,短程硝化反硝化,生物膜一SBR法等。同时,讨论了上述方法在不同浓度氨氮废水中的应用条件与效果,并对今后氨氮废水处理方向做出了展望。对了解和掌握高、低不同浓度氨氮废水污水处理技术具有一定借鉴意义。