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11.
M. Anwar H. Khan M. M. Nazmul Hoque S. Shamsul Alam M. J. Ashfol Graham Nickless Dudley E. Shallcross 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):60-64
Night-time OH levels have been determined for UK urban surface environments using two methods, the decay and steady state
approximation methods. Measurement data from the UK National Environmental Technology Centre archive for four urban sites
(Bristol, Harwell, London Eltham and Edinburgh) over the time period of 1996 to 2000 have been used in this study. Three reactive
alkenes, namely isoprene, 1,3-butadiene and trans-2-pentene were chosen for the calculation of OH levels by the decay method. Hourly
measurements of NO, NO2, O3, CO and 20 VOCs were used to determine night-time OH level using the steady state approximation
method. Our results showed that the night-time OH levels were in the range of 1 105–1 106 molecules/cm3 at these four urban sites in
the UK. The application of a t-test of these analyses indicated that except Bristol, there was no significant di erence between the OH
levels found from the decay and steady state approximation methods. Night-time levels of the OH radical appeared to peak in summer
and spring time tracking the night-time O3 levels which also passed through a maximum at this time. 相似文献
12.
Biswas Manik Chandra Jony Bodiuzzaman Nandy Pranab Kumar Chowdhury Reaz Ahmed Halder Sudipta Kumar Deepak Ramakrishna Seeram Hassan Masud Ahsan Md Ariful Hoque Md Enamul Imam Muhammad Ali 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(1):51-74
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Recently, the advantages of biopolymers over conventional plastic polymers are unprecedented, provided that they are used in situations in which they raise... 相似文献
13.
Reflective features of Norway spruce have been studied as a part of a multi‐level experiment in order to assess and to develop methods for early forecasting of forest damages by remote sensing. Discoloration and histological changes were investigated by high resolution reflectance spectroscopy and true‐color image interpretation of histological cuts, respectively. Major changes of reflectances were detected in the visible spectral range 480–680 nm depending on degree of tree's damages and/or needle discoloration. Related histological changes depending on degree of tree's damage were hypertrophy of chloroplasts, plasmolysis and partial loss of compartmentalization. Development and use of several highly sensitive channels with narrow bandwidths between 480 and 680 nm, e.g. 480, 550, 680, 760 nm, for early assessment of forest damages by remote sensing could be recommended. 相似文献
14.
Masashi Kato Shoko Onuma Yoko Kato Nguyen D. Thang Ichiro Yajima Mohammad Zahirul Hoque 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(9):1609-1612
Toxic elements present in well water that is used for drinking pose a threat to the human health in many countries. However, there are few reports on the toxic elements in well water in Malaysia. Since a native doctor informed us about the increasing number of patients with depigmented skin (vitiligo) in Rosob Village, Sabah State, Malaysia, the origin of diseases associated with well water was suspected. Thus, the concentrations of 15 toxic elements in 52 well water samples from Rosob (n = 21), and the control areas of Pitas (n = 8) and Telaga (n = 23) within the same state were measured. No toxic elements with levels exceeding that of the WHO health-based guidelines were detected in the well water samples from Pitas and Telaga. On the other hand, the concentration levels of arsenic (As), uranium (U), and manganese (Mn), independently found in 19% (4/21), 4.8% (1/21), and 19% (4/21), respectively, of the well water samples from Rosob, exceeded the levels given in the WHO health-based guidelines. In the well water samples from Rosob, the average concentration of Mn was found to be higher and its maximum value with levels up to 10-fold higher, respectively, than the value in the WHO health-based guidelines. Significant correlations between Mn and As and between Mn and U were noted. Thus, for the first time, the results of this pilot study showed that the levels of the toxic elements in 42.9% (9/21) of well water samples from Rosob in Malaysia were higher than the values in WHO health-based guidelines indicating the need for further studies. 相似文献
15.
In this article, the authors explore their recent study, which introduces the concept of extracting saline water and fresh water simultaneously from groundwater aquifers to produce water that is suitable for irrigation. To achieve these results, multiwell modeling concepts are used to exploit both the saline and nonsaline aquifer domains from geologic formations where a freshwater aquifer domain is either underlain or overlain by a saline aquifer domain. The water from these domains are either mixed to an acceptable salinity level after independent withdrawal from separate, saline or nonsaline domains present within the same aquifer, or mixed from the domains to achieve acceptable levels of salinity before withdrawal. 相似文献
16.
Nested numerical scheme in a polar coordinate shallow water model for the coast of Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study is concerned with the development of storm surge model to predict water level accurately due to surge associated with a cyclone along the coast of Bangladesh. Considering the funnel shape of the Bay of Bengal, coastal bending and the existence of off-shore islands, a vertically integrated model in cylindrical polar coordinate system is developed using nested numerical scheme. A fine mesh scheme capable of incorporating coastal bending and offshore islands properly in the numerical scheme is nested into a coarse mesh scheme covering up to 15° N latitude of the Bay of Bengal. The developed model is used to estimate water levels at different coastal and island stations associated with a few storms that hit the coast of Bangladesh. The computed surge levels compared well with observed ones and predicted surge levels investigated with different approaches. 相似文献
17.
Distribution and solid-phase speciation of toxic heavy metals of bed sediments of Bharali tributary of Brahmaputra River 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Raza Rafiqul Hoque K. G. Goswami B. C. Kusre K. P. Sarma 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,177(1-4):457-466
Heavy metal (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd) concentrations and their chemical speciations were investigated for the first time in bed sediments of Bharali River, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River of the Eastern Himalayas. Levels of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Cd in the bed sediments were much below the average Indian rivers; however, Cu and Zn exhibit levels on the higher side. Enrichment factors (EF) of all metals was greater than 1 and a higher trend of EF was seen in the abandoned channel for most metals. Pb showed maximum EF of 32 at site near an urban center. The geoaccumulation indices indicate that Bharali river is moderately polluted. The metals speciations, done by a sequential extraction regime, show that Cd, Cu, and Pb exhibit considerable presence in the exchangeable and carbonate fraction, thereby showing higher mobility and bioavailability. On the other hand, Ni, Mn, and Fe exhibit greater presence in the residual fraction and Zn was dominant in the Fe?CMn oxide phase. Inter-species correlations at three sites did not show similar trends for metal pairs indicating potential variations in the contributing sources. 相似文献
18.
Shifting regime shifted policy—interplay of interests in sustainability discourses of forest land use 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohammad Ali A. T. M. Rafiqul Hoque 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2009,14(2):121-134
This study investigates the influence of policy interests on resource sustainability. Information on ‘colonial interest’ of
the British regime and the ‘commercial interest’ of the post-colonial regimes on forest land use of Bangladesh have been drawn
on to show the interplay of interests on sustainability impacts. The findings show that both colonial and commercial interests
have caused intensification of forest land use for production of economic crops like teak (Tectona grandis) and cash crops like tea (Camellia sinensis), cotton (Gossypium herbaceum and G. arboreum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The ‘colonial interest’ has also initiated the dispute of ownership, rights and tenure of forest land and resources. The
post-colonial regimes have utilized colonial legacy as the privilege for implementing ‘commercial interests’. In both the
cases traditional interests of people were disregarded. As a result, peoples’ participation in forestry was discouraged and
the sustainability of forest land use was impeded. 相似文献
19.
Shamia Hoque Bakhtier Farouk Charles N. Haas 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):968-982
ABSTRACT Linear, quadratic, and artificial neural network (ANN)-based metamodels were developed for predicting the extent of anthrax spore inactivation by chlorine dioxide in a ventilated three-dimensional space over time from computational fluid dynamics model (CFD) simulation data. Dimensionless groups were developed to define the design space of the problem scenario. The Hammersley sequence sampling (HSS) method was used to determine the sampling points for the numerical experiments within the design space. A CFD model, comprised of multiple submodels, was applied to conduct the numerical experiments. Large eddy simulation (LES) with the Smagorinsky subgrid-scale model was applied to compute the airflow. Anthrax spores were modeled as a dispersed solid phase using the Lagrangian treatment. The disinfectant transport was calculated by solving a mass transport equation. Kinetic decay constants were included for spontaneous decay of the disinfectant and for the reaction of the disinfectant with the surfaces of the three-dimensional space. To enhance the mixing of the disinfectant with the room air, a momentum source was included in the simulation. An inactivation rate equation accounted for the reaction between the spores and the disinfectant. The ANN-based metamodels were most successful in predicting the number of viable bioaerosols remaining in an arbitrary enclosed space. Sensitivity analysis showed that the mass fraction of the disinfectant, inactivation rate constant, and contact time had the most influence on the inactivation of the spores.
IMPLICATIONS This investigation presents a framework for the development of user-friendly models; metamodels for the prediction of the number of viable spores remaining in an indoor room during disinfection from accurate but time-consuming CFD studies. During any decontamination event, to know when to stop pumping in the disinfectant and to know what level of log reduction of the spores have been achieved before even starting decontamination would provide valuable guidance. The neural network based metamodels can be applied to obtain quick and relatively accurate answers. This would be necessary when immediate information is required during emergencies. 相似文献
20.
Temporal variability of groundwater chemistry in shallow and deep aquifers of Araihazar, Bangladesh 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dhar RK Zheng Y Stute M van Geen A Cheng Z Shanewaz M Shamsudduha M Hoque MA Rahman MW Ahmed KM 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2008,99(1-4):97-111
Samples were collected every 2-4 weeks from a set of 37 monitoring wells over a period of 2-3 years in Araihazar, Bangladesh, to evaluate the temporal variability of groundwater composition for As and other constituents. The monitoring wells are grouped in 6 nests and span the 5-91 m depth range. Concentrations of As, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, and S were measured by high-resolution ICPMS with a precision of 5% or better; concentrations of Cl were measured by ion chromatography. In shallow wells <30 m deep, As and P concentrations generally varied by <30%, whereas concentrations of the major ions (Na, K, Mg, Ca and Cl) and the redox-sensitive elements (Fe, Mn, and S) varied over time by up to +/-90%. In wells tapping the deeper aquifers >30 m often below clay layers concentrations of groundwater As were much lower and varied by <10%. The concentrations of major cations also varied by <10% in these deep aquifers. In contrast, the concentration of redox-sensitive constituents Fe, S, and Mn in deep aquifers varied by up to 97% over time. Thus, strong decoupling between variations in As and Fe concentrations is evident in groundwaters from shallow and deep aquifers. Comparison of the time series data with groundwater ages determined by (3)H/(3)He and (14)C dating shows that large seasonal or inter-annual variations in major cation and chloride concentrations are restricted to shallow aquifers and groundwater recharged <5 years ago. There is no corresponding change in As concentrations despite having significant variations of redox sensitive constituents in these very young waters. This is attributed to chemical buffering due to rapid equilibrium between solute and solid As. At two sites where the As content of groundwater in existing shallow wells averages 102 microg/L (range: <5 to 648 microg/L; n=118) and 272 microg/L (range: 10 to 485 microg/L; n=65), respectively, a systematic long-term decline in As concentrations lends support to the notion that flushing may slowly deplete an aquifer of As. Shallow aquifer water with >5 years (3)H/(3)He age show a constant As:P molar ratio of 9.6 over time, suggesting common mechanisms of mobilization. 相似文献