实现我国环保产业升级和跨越式发展的对策

本文分析了我国环保产业的现状及存在的问题 ,从环保产业市场的培育、实现环保产业的升级和跨越式发展提出了发展对策的建议     

气候变化背景下“龙舟水”特征及其对广东早稻产量的影响

利用广东省86个气象站1961—2010年降水资料,借用数理统计方法分析气候变暖背景下广东省＂龙舟水＂变化特点;再利用广东省1983—2010年早稻产量资料及12个一级农业气象观测站1997—2010年早稻生育期观测资料,采用正交多项式等方法分析广东省＂龙舟水＂对早稻产量的影响。结果表明：自1997年以来,全省和各区域＂龙舟水＂过程总雨量、过程天数和严重过程天数都增加;＂龙舟水＂期间的降水集中期推后;6月中旬雨量与6月上旬雨量相比有增加的趋势。＂龙舟水＂过程雨量、过程天数和严重过程天数与早稻产量有明显的负相关,其中早稻抽穗普遍期前后5 d雨量对早稻产量影响最大;各区域早稻抽穗普遍期前后5 d处于多雨时段,若抽穗期适当提前就处于少雨时段。在此基础上,建议广东省早稻要通过调整种植期来适应气候变化。     

蚀刻液水合肼还原除铜

将电路板厂废弃的蚀刻液,经氢氧化铜沉淀法回收大部分铜后,再采用水合肼还原,进一步除铜。反应温度为50℃,水合肼质量分数为3．0％,溶液pH为6．0,废液中铜的去除率可达98.5％,处理后废液中铜的质量浓度低于0．2g／L,可作为碱性蚀刻液重复利用。     

Travel on the road: does China’s high-speed rail promote local tourism?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Following a Chinese saying: To be rich, roads first, high-speed rail (HSR) opening and station construction are indispensable for economic developing....     

河南省人类活动净磷输入的时空变化与影响参数

为探究河南省人类活动净磷输入状况,基于河南省18个省辖市(县辖市)行政单元统计数据,利用人类活动净磷输入量(NAPI)模型,核算河南省1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015和2019年人类活动净磷输入量.结果表明:在时间尺度上,1990～2015年河南省NAPI整体呈升高趋势,2015～2019年略...     

改善深圳河水质的补水方案及生态影响初步分析

深圳河旱季天然径流量小而污染负荷高,为了改善河流水质,在削减入河污染物的同时有必要采取补水措施。利用水质模型,计算了不同污水处理率下,分别以污水资源化再生水、珠江口海水和大鹏湾海水为补水水源时,深圳河达到基本不黑臭所需的补水量。讨论了补水方案对河流水质、盐度、水动力条件的改变及其对生态系统的影响。研究表明,引海水对河流生态系统的冲击不容忽视。而污水资源化是较优的补水方案。     

The performance of nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation processes under variable initial Fe/N ratios: The fate of nitrogen and iron species

•Bacterially-mediated coupled N and Fe processes examined in incubation experiments. •NO₃⁻ reduction was considerably inhibited as initial Fe/N ratio increased. •The maximum production of N₂ occurred at an initial Fe/N molar ratio of 6. •Fe minerals produced at Fe/N ratios of 1–2 were mainly easily reducible oxides. The Fe/N ratio is an important control on nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation processes that occur both in the aquatic environment and in wastewater treatment systems. The response of nitrate reduction, Fe oxidation, and mineral production to different initial Fe/N molar ratios in the presence of Paracoccus denitrificans was investigated in 132 h incubation experiments. A decrease in the nitrate reduction rate at 12 h occurred as the Fe/N ratio increased. Accumulated nitrite concentration at Fe/N ratios of 2–10 peaked at 12–84 h, and then decreased continuously to less than 0.1 mmol/L at the end of incubation. N₂O emission was promoted by high Fe/N ratios. Maximum production of N₂ occurred at a Fe/N ratio of 6, in parallel with the highest mole proportion of N₂ resulting from the reduction of nitrate (81.2%). XRD analysis and sequential extraction demonstrated that the main Fe minerals obtained from Fe(II) oxidation were easily reducible oxides such as ferrihydrite (at Fe/N ratios of 1–2), and easily reducible oxides and reducible oxides (at Fe/N ratios of 3–10). The results suggest that Fe/N ratio potentially plays a critical role in regulating N₂, N₂O emissions and Fe mineral formation in nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation processes.     

GPM卫星降水数据在天山山区的适用性分析

卫星降水产品在山区的适用性具有较高的不确定性。论文基于天山山区2014-2015年167个气象站点数据,应用较为广泛的两套卫星降水产品--TRMM与CMORPH,选用均方根误差（RMSE）、相关系数（R）、相对误差（PB）,以及分类统计分析指标（错报率FAR、探测率POD、公正先兆评分ETS、频率偏差BIAS）等,评估了新一代卫星降水产品--Global Precipitation Measurement（GPM）在天山山区的适用性。结果表明：相对于以上两种产品,GPM在山区的精度最高。具体表现在：1）3套产品在降水较多的夏秋季均表现较好,相对于TRMM与CMORPH,GPM与观测数据的相关系数最高（R≥0.6）,相对误差最小（PB≈10%）;2）在整个天山山区,GPM相对于其他两套产品表现出较低的误差范围（-55%~55%）;3）GPM在不同的高程带内,均表现出同观测站点较低的误差与较高的相关系数;4）3套降水产品均表现出对探测弱降水事件较高的准确性（POD≈0.58）和较低的错误率（FAR≈0.63）,但综合分析4种指数,GPM表现最佳,能够以较准确的精度和较低的误差估测降水系统。     

Environment and economic feasibility of municipal solid waste central sorting strategy: a case study in Beijing

Although Beijing has carried out municipal solid waste (MSW) source separation since 1996, it has largely been ineffective. In 2012, a “Green House” program was established as a new attempt for central sorting. In this study, the authors used material flow analysis (MFA) and cost benefit analysis (CBA) methods to investigate Green House’s environment and economic feasibility. Results showed that the program did have significant environmental benefits on waste reduction, which reduced the amount of waste by 34%. If the Green House program is implemented in a residential community with wet waste ratio of 66%, the proportion of waste reduction can reach 37%. However, the Green House is now running with a monthly loss of 1982 CNY. This is mainly because most of its benefits come from waste reduction (i.e., 5878 CNY per month), which does not turn a monetary benefit, but is instead distributed to the whole of society as positive environmental externalities. Lack of government involvement, small program scale, and technical/managerial deficiency are three main barriers of the Green House. We, thus, make three recommendations: involve government authority and financial support, expand the program scale to separate 91.4 tons of waste every month, and use more professional equipment/technologies. If the Green House program can successfully adopt these suggestions, 33.8 tons of waste can be reduced monthly, and it would be able to flip the loss into a profit worth 35034 CNY.

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