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311.
Deming Dong Zhiyong Guo Xiuyi Hua Ying Lan Jinting Zhou Xiaoou Ding Qianqian Qiao 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(3):361-367
The sorption by solid materials is one of the most important processes that affect the fate of hydrophobic organic pollutants
in aquatic systems. Current studies focus on the sorption of hydrophobic pollutants by single natural solid material, whereas
few studies compared the sorption behaviors of different solids. Furthermore, natural aquatic environment is a complex system
where hydrophobic pollutants coexist with many other pollutants, but only limited studies reported the effects of coexisting
components on the sorption. Here we studied the sorption of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) by three common solids
in natural water, i.e., biofilms, suspended particles and sediments. The effects of typical coexisting heavy metals on the
sorption were also examined. The results show that the sorption is described by a dual-mode sorption model. Compared with
sediments, more DDTs were sorbed by biofilms and suspended particles. Coexisting Pb, Cd and Cu increased the sorption of DDTs
on sediments while decreasing the sorption on biofilms slightly, with little effect on the sorption on suspended particles.
The different sorption behaviors of the solids were mainly determined by the composition of the solids: more organics were
observed in biofilms and suspended particles. 相似文献
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315.
为评估纳米TiO2在环境水体中的暴露风险,选用大型溞作为模式生物,研究了不同粒径纳米TiO2(20、40、60和100 nm)对大型溞毒性效应的影响,并探究了腐殖酸对不同粒径纳米TiO2毒性效应的调控作用.结果表明,粒径是影响纳米TiO2颗粒毒性效应的重要因素,以大型溞半数致死时间(LT50)为指标,不同粒径纳米TiO2对大型溞的毒性作用强弱顺序依次为:20 nm颗粒 > 40 nm颗粒 > 60 nm颗粒 > 100 nm颗粒(p<0.05).腐殖酸的存在可以显著降低纳米TiO2颗粒对大型溞的毒性作用,腐殖酸对小尺寸纳米TiO2颗粒的毒性抑制作用更为明显(p<0.05).大型溞体内ROS水平与抗氧化系统相关酶活分析表明,纳米TiO2导致大型溞体内活性氧自由基(ROS)浓度升高是其产生毒性作用的重要原因,腐殖酸的存在可以显著降低大型溞体内由于纳米TiO2暴露而引起的ROS浓度上升(p<0.05),进而减轻纳米TiO2对大型溞的毒性作用.此外,腐殖酸可以减小不同粒径纳米TiO2之间的毒性差异.本研究结果可为纳米TiO2在环境水体中的暴露风险评估提供参考依据. 相似文献
316.
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) disinfection usually does not produce halogenated disinfection by-products, but the formation of the inorganic by-product chlorite (ClO2–) is a serious consideration. In this study, the ClO2– formation rule in the ClO2 disinfection of drinking water was investigated in the presence of three representative reductive inorganics and four natural organic matters (NOMs), respectively. Fe2+ and S2– mainly reduced ClO2 to ClO2– at low concentrations. When ClO2 was consumed, the ClO2– would be further reduced by Fe2+ and S2–, leading to the decrease of ClO2–. The reaction efficiency of Mn2+ with ClO2 was lower than that of Fe2+ and S2–. It might be the case that MnO2 generated by the reaction between Mn2+ and ClO2 had adsorption and catalytic oxidation on Mn2+. However, Mn2+ would not reduce ClO2–. Among the four NOMs, humic acid and fulvic acid reacted with ClO2 actively, followed by bovine serum albumin, while sodium alginate had almost no reaction with ClO2. The maximum ClO2– yields of reductive inorganics (70%) was higher than that of NOM (around 60%). The lower the concentration of reductive substances, the more ClO2– could be produced by per unit concentration of reductive substances. The results of the actual water samples showed that both reductive inorganics and NOM played an important role in the formation of ClO2– in disinfection. 相似文献
317.
Co-metabolic and biochar-promoted biodegradation of mixed PAHs by highly efficient microbial consortium QY1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), typical representatives of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have become ubiquitous in the environment. In this study, a novel microbial consortium QY1 that performed outstanding PAHs-degrading capacity has been enriched. The degradation characteristics of single and mixed PAHs treated with QY1 were studied, and the effect of biochar on biodegradation of mixed PAHs and the potential of biochar in PAHs-heavy metal combined pollution bioremediation were also investigated. Results showed that, in single substrate system, QY1 degraded 94.5% of 500 mg/L phenanthrene (PHE) and 17.8% of 10 mg/L pyrene (PYR) after 7 days, while in PHE-PYR mixture system, the biodegradation efficiencies of PHE (500 mg/L) and PYR (10 mg/L) reached 94.0% and 96.2%, respectively, since PHE served as co-metabolic substrate to have significantly improved PYR biodegradation. Notably, with the cooperation of biochar, the biodegradations of PHE and PYR were greatly accelerated. Further, biochar could reduce the adverse impact of heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr2O72?) on PYR biodegradation remarkably. The sequencing analysis revealed that Methylobacterium, Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas were the dominant genera of QY1 in almost all treatments, indicating that these genera might play key roles in PAHs biodegradation. Overall, this study provided new insights into the efficient bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated site. 相似文献
318.
联邦《石油污染条例》、州《溢油预防和应对法案》和《溢油预防和应对条例》共同构成了美国路易斯安那州自然资源损害评估制度体系,确立了评估活动主导者和参与者明确、程序清晰、客观公正、资金来源有保障,且融合了应急、评估、响应行动于一体的评估制度。我国正在建立的生态环境损害赔偿制度,虽然就损害评估已经形成了部分规范性文件,但多重视的是评估机构的资质管理和具体的评估技术方法,有必要借鉴域外经验,从主体构建、程序设计、多方参与、评估资金、融合评估和应急、恢复行动于一体五个方面完善评估管理制度。 相似文献
319.
目的研究T2铜在不同飞溅条件下的腐蚀行为。方法通过对T2铜在三亚热带海水飞溅区进行0.5、1、2 a三个周期的环境试验,采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对其腐蚀产物形貌、物相进行分析,使用电化学工作站对带锈样品进行分析。结果 T2铜在堤岸飞溅区和堤岸内飞溅区腐蚀速率随时间的延长逐渐下降。在飞溅区,不同周期T2铜的腐蚀产物为表面较薄的氧化层,且存在分层现象,主要由外层疏松的绿色Cu2(OH)3Cl和内层致密的棕色Cu_2O组成。不同试验周期,两处飞溅区试样表面的腐蚀产物都较为平整,堤岸飞溅区腐蚀产物层的平均厚度大于堤岸内飞溅区,腐蚀形貌均为均匀腐蚀。两处飞溅区锈层均由Cu_2O和Cu2(OH)3Cl相构成,堤岸飞溅区锈层主要为Cu_2O和Cu2(OH)3Cl相,堤岸内飞溅区锈层主要为Cu_2O相,存在少量Cu2(OH)3Cl相。结论在同一试验地点进行飞溅试验,由于飞溅条件不同,2a内铜的腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物等会存在差异。 相似文献
320.
研究复合光催化剂MWNTs/TiO2对典型氯苯类有机化合物光催化降解动力学及主要光降解路径.结果表明,同一初始浓度和相同光催化降解实验条件下,60min时典型氯苯类有机化合物的光降解率均达到90%以上.其中六氯苯和五氯苯的光催化降解速率常数分别为0.0664h-1和0.0670h-1,其大小明显高于其它氯苯类化合物.1,二氯苯的光催化降解反应速率常数仅为0.0430h4--1,在典型氯苯类化合物中最小.三氯苯的3种同分异构体——1,3-三氯苯、24-三氯苯和1,5-三氯苯的光催化降解速率常数分别为0.0547h2,1,,3,-1、0445h0.-1和0.0439h-1.六氯苯的主要光催化降解路径为:HCB→PeCB→1,2,3,5-TeCB→1,2,4-TCB→1,4-DCB. 相似文献