复合重金属污染场地分类方法在某污染场地的实践应用

概述了复合重金属污染场地分类方法与技术指标体系,结合沈阳某复合重金属污染场地治理项目实施的实例,针对多种重金属的复合场地通过确定不同的污染程度,以便对重度、中度、轻度污染的土壤分别采用不同的治理与修复方法,确保实现治理与修复工程环境安全、技术先进和经济可行的三者统一。     

南京居民的雾霾风险认知及应对行为调查研究

雾霾灾害严重影响了居民的生活,使得民众不得不对其加以认识和了解.通过问卷的方式对南京居民的雾霾风险认知状况进行调查发现,南京居民对雾霾风险的认知程度并不高.主要表现在:居民无法区分PM2.5与雾霾之间的确切差异;居民的雾霾成因认知存在偏差;但居民对雾霾后果及其主体责任的认知较为清晰.另外,在日常生活中,居民通过佩戴口罩、改变饮食、调整户外活动和进行健康支付等一系列行为方式来防止自雾霾的侵害,居民表现出较高的防霾积极性.     

Design and demonstration of a next-generation air quality attainment assessment system for PM2.5 and O3

Due to the increasingly stringent standards, it is important to assess whether the proposed emission reduction will result in ambient concentrations that meet the standards. The Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition (SMAT-CE) is developed for demonstrating attainment of air quality standards of O₃ and PM_2.5. SMAT-CE improves computational efficiency and provides a number of advanced visualization and analytical functionalities on an integrated GIS platform. SMAT-CE incorporates historical measurements of air quality parameters and simulated air pollutant concentrations under a number of emission inventory scenarios to project the level of compliance to air quality standards in a targeted future year. An application case study of the software based on the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) shows that SMAT-CE is capable of demonstrating the air quality attainment of annual PM_2.5 and 8-hour O₃ for a proposed emission control policy.     

Salinity influence on soil microbial respiration rate of wetland in the Yangtze River estuary through changing microbial community

Estuarine wetland, where freshwater mixes with salt water, comprises different regions（rivers and marine ecosystems） with significantly varying tidal salinities. Two sampling areas, ZXS and JS, were selected to investigate the effect of tidal salinity on soil respiration（SR）. ZXS and JS were located in Zhongxia Shoal and Jiangyanan Shoal of Jiuduansha Wetland respectively, with similar elevation and plant species, but significantly different in salinity. The results showed that with almost identical plant biomass, the SR and soil microbial respiration（SMR） of the tidal wetland with lower salinity（JS） were significantly higher than those of the tidal wetland with higher salinity（ZXS）（p 〈 0.05）. However, unlike SMR and SR, the difference in the soil microbial biomass（SMB） was not significant（p 〉 0.05）with the SMB of ZXS a little higher than that of JS. The higher SMR and SR of JS may be closely connected to the soil microbial community structures and amount of dominant bacteria. Abundant β- and γ-Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria in JS soil, which have strong heterotrophic metabolic capabilities, could be the main reason for higher SMR and SR,whereas a high number of ε-Proteobacteria in ZXS, some of which have carbon fixation ability, could be responsible for relatively lower carbon output. Path analysis indicated that soil salinity had the maximum negative total influencing coefficient with SMR among the various soil physical and chemical factors, suggesting that higher soil salinity, restricting highly heterotrophic bacteria, is the principle reason for lower SMR and SR in the ZXS.     

酚类内分泌干扰物的污染现状及处理研究进展

为了更好的治理水体中pEDCs的污染,针对pEDCs的代表物质双酚A和烷基酚,综述了世界范围内污染源水中pEDCs的污染现状,并介绍了吸附法、膜处理法、生物降解法、化学氧化法及高级氧化法等主要处理方法。同时,展望了今后pEDCs处理的主要研究方向及现存处理方法的应用前景。两种或两种以上方法的联用将是未来研究的一个重要方向。     

自动消解仪-ICP法测定土壤中7种重金属离子实验研究

利用自动消解仪对土壤进行前处理,建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)同时测定Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、Sr、V、Co七种重金属元素含量的方法。该方法的相关系数均在3个9以上。测定了国家标准物质GBW07429土壤中的元素,测定值与标准值一致,相对标准偏差1.6%~4.5%,检出限0.000 2~0.005 mg/L。利用建立的方法测定了天津市土壤中的七种重金属元素含量,为土壤中重金属元素含量的测定提供了简单可靠的分析方法。     

南充炼厂循环水管理与处理技术探讨

文章介绍了南充炼油化工总厂循环水场循环水系统管理及处理技术现状,在与其他炼厂循环水处理状况分析比较的基础上,剖析了该厂循环水系统存在的问题,并就改善水系统、水冷设施和改进水处理技术、加大监测力度等方面进行了探讨,为炼油厂实现循环水全面达标、确保生产装置"安、稳、长、满、优"运行提供了参考。     

豆腐废水廉价培养制备微生物絮凝剂的研究

从活性污泥中筛选出一株有高效絮凝活性的菌株,经鉴定为酵母属(Saccharomyces sp).以豆腐废水为廉价培养基培养高效菌产生微生物絮凝剂,含有絮凝活性物质的发酵液的上清液对4g/L高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率达95.6%.正交实验表明,产生微生物絮凝剂的优化培养条件为:豆腐废水体积分数25%,初始pH值5.0,摇床速度160r/min,温度30℃.培养产生的微生物絮凝剂最佳收获时间为48 h.微生物絮凝剂在酸性和碱性环境中均有较好的适应性和热稳定性.     

Cosolvent-enhanced chemical oxidation of perchloroethylene by potassium permanganate

A laboratory study was conducted to examine cosolvent-enhanced in-situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) of perchloroethylene (PCE) using potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The conceptual basis for this new technique is to enhance permanganate oxidation of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) with the addition of a cosolvent, thereby increasing DNAPL solubility while avoiding mobilization. Among 17 cosolvent candidates screened, tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) and acetone were the most stable in the presence of KMnO4, both of which increased PCE aqueous solubility significantly, and therefore are suitable to be used as cosolvent in this study. Batch experiments indicated that the second-order rate constant for PCE oxidation by potassium permanganate was 0.043+/-0.002 M(-1) s(-1) in the purely aqueous (no cosolvent) solution. In the presence of 20% cosolvent (volume fraction=fc=0.2), the rate constant decreased to 0.036+/-0.003 M(-1) s(-1) with TBA and to 0.031+/-0.002 M(-1) s(-1) with acetone. However, in the presence of free-phase PCE, chloride ion concentration from PCE oxidation in acetone/water solutions (fc=0.2) was about twice that in aqueous solutions, indicating that the increase in PCE solubility more than compensated for the decrease in reaction rate constant, such that the oxidation efficiency of PCE was increased with cosolvent. A complete chlorine mass balance was observed in the aqueous system, whereas approximately 70% was obtained in TBA/water or acetone/water (fc=0.2). In soil columns containing residual DNAPL and subjected to isocratic flushing with step-wise increases in f(c) cosolvent, TBA at fc=0.2 resulted in PCE mobilization, whereas acetone at fc相似文献   

Numerical simulation of reactive processes in an experiment with partially saturated bentonite

Bentonites are preferred materials for use as engineered barriers for high-level nuclear waste repositories. Simulation of geochemical processes in bentonite is therefore important for long-term safety assessment of those repositories. In this work, the porewater chemistry of a bentonite sample subject to simultaneous heating and hydration, as studied by Cuevas et al. [Cuevas, J., Villar, M., Fernández, A., Gómez, P., Martín, P., 1997. Porewaters extracted from compacted bentonite subjected to simultaneous heating and hydration. Applied Geochemistry 12, 473-481.], was assessed with a non-isothermal reactive transport model by coupling the geochemical software PHREEQC2 with the object-oriented FEM simulator GeoSys/RockFlow. Reactive transport modelling includes heat transport, two-phase flow, multicomponent transport and geochemical reactions in the liquid phase, i.e. ion exchange, mineral dissolution/precipitation and equilibrium reactions. Simulations show that the easily soluble minerals in bentonite determine the porewater chemistry. Temperature affects both two-phase flow and geochemical reactions. Porosity change due to dissolution/precipitation is low during the experiment. However, changes of the effective porosity caused by bentonite swelling can be very large. The simulated results agree well with the experimental data.