Environmental Effects on Rural-to-Urban Migration in China

Abstract: Migration process has become increasingly important in recent research on population and the environment. A majority of the existing migration and environment literature has focused on the en...     

A2O氧化沟缺氧区三维流场模拟及结构形式优化

以FLUENT软件为工具,选用三维RNG k-ε紊流数学模型对重庆井口污水厂A²O氧化沟缺氧区内的流场进行模拟,分析了缺氧区内流场分布不均匀及沉泥的原因,提出了水下推进器的合理设置位置与导流墙的合理设置方式,并对优化后的缺氧区进行了模拟计算。通过优化后模拟的结果可见,在相同的功率密度下,缺氧区内的流场得到了较均匀的分布,流速从原来的0.131 m/s提升到0.204 m/s,减少了能量的损失。底部的流速也从原来的0.140 m/s提升到0.226 m/s,有效的防止或减少了沟中的污泥沉积。优化的结果对实际工程的设计也有一定的指导意义。     

三面受火的方钢管混凝土柱耐火极限

编制了预测方钢管混凝土柱三面火灾作用下高温反应的数值分析程序,并将之用于不同荷载比、截面边长、长细比、荷载偏心率、钢材和混凝土强度及含钢率共480种工况下方钢管混凝土柱耐火极限参数分析,得到了三面火灾作用下方钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的主要影响参数及其影响规律。基于参数分析结果,定量给出了该受火条件下方钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的简化计算方法。研究结果表明:荷载比、截面边长、长细比是三面火灾作用下方钢管混凝土柱耐火极限的主要影响参数,表现为截面边长越大,荷载比和长细比越小,构件的耐火极限越大。由于存在极强偏心,当荷载作用点偏于背火面时荷载偏心率亦有较大影响。     

Persistence of the herbicide butachlor in soil after repeated applications and its effects on soil microbial functional diversity

Effects of repeated applications of the herbicide butachlor (N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro -N-2′,6′-dimethyl acetanilide) in soil on its persistence and soil microbial functional diversity were investigated under laboratory conditions. The degradation half-lives of butachlor at the recommended dosage in soil were calculated to be 12.5, 4.5, and 3.2 days for the first, second, and third applications, respectively. Throughout this study, no significant inhibition of the Shannon-Wiener index H′ was observed. However, the Simpson index 1/D and McIntosh index U were significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) during the initial 3 days after the first application of butachlor, and thereafter gradually recovered to a similar level to that of the control soil. A similar variation but faster recovery in 1/D and U was observed after the second and third Butachlor applications. Therefore, repeated applications of butachlor led to more rapid degradation of the herbicide, and more rapid recovery of soil microorganisms. It is concluded that repeated butachlor applications in soil had a temporary or short-term inhibitory effect on soil microbial communities.     

山地城市合流污水特细砂粒径特征及分布

对山地城市合流污水特细砂粒径特征参数及分布研究的结果表明,晴、雨天合流污水细砂平均粒径D(3,4)均小于250μm,且含量高,属于特细砂;新旧城区排水体制、山地地貌、降雨强度、雨前晴天数、用地性质、水土流失等因素均会对山地城市合流污水特细砂粒径特征和分布等造成影响。涪陵污水处理厂进水含砂量高达183.9 mg/L,平均粒径为182.6μm,粒径偏小,超出沉砂池有效去除范围;大量特细砂进入曝气池后,堵塞管道、磨损设备等,给污水处理厂运行带来一系列不利影响。     

磷酸活化-微波热解法制备污泥吸附剂

以污泥吸附剂的碘值和其对铬的吸附去除效果为考察指标,对制备污泥吸附剂的各种影响因素进行全面考察和分析。结果表明,其最佳制备工艺条件为微波功率550 W,微波辐照时间330 s,磷酸浓度为40%及磷酸与污泥原料的液固比为2∶1,空气氛围中制备的吸附剂SAA的性能要稍优于氮气氛围中制备的吸附剂SAN,但前者的得率稍低于后者,总体来讲,两者相差不大。在实际应用中可简化制备工艺,无需通入保护气体。     

五莲县石材废料的资源化利用

石材工业是资源加工型产业,加工过程会产生大量的石材废料.我国对石材加工废料的研究起步较晚,应用技术不成熟.介绍了目前国内外对石材废料的几种主要资源化利用方式,并结合五莲县石材产业基地石材加工实际工艺及废料资源化处理方式,研究石材废料的资源化利用.     

离子液体萃取法回收废水中的醋酸丁酯

利用离子液体1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐萃取模拟废水中的醋酸丁酯。萃取液经减压蒸馏回收醋酸丁酯,离子液体也得到再生。实验结果表明:萃取率随废水与离子液体体积之比(相比)的增加而减小,随萃取时间的延长而增大,随萃取温度的升高而增大;在相比为6∶1、萃取时间为40min、萃取温度为50℃的条件下,萃取率达98.98%,醋酸丁酯纯度达99.8%;回收后离子液体可重复使用且萃取率基本不变。     

Enhanced removal of arsenic from a highly laden industrial effluent using a combined coprecipitation/nano-adsorption process

Effective arsenic removal from highly laden industrial wastewater is an important but challenging task. Here, a combined coprecipitation/nano-adsorption process, with ferric chloride and calcium chloride as coprecipitation agents and polymer-based nanocomposite as selective adsorbent, has been validated for arsenic removal from tungsten-smelting wastewater. On the basis of operating optimization, a binary FeCl₃ (520 mg/L)–CaCl₂ (300 mg/L) coprecipitation agent could remove more than 93 % arsenic from the wastewater. The resulting precipitate has proved environmental safety based on leaching toxicity test. Fixed-bed column packed with zirconium or ferric-oxide-loaded nanocomposite was employed for further elimination of arsenic in coprecipitated effluent, resulting in a significant decrease of arsenic (from 0.96 to less than 0.5 mg/L). The working capacity of zirconium-loaded nanocomposite was 220 bed volumes per run, much higher than that of ferric-loaded nanocomposite (40 bed volumes per run). The exhausted zirconium-loaded nanocomposite could be efficiently in situ regenerated with a binary NaOH–NaCl solution for reuse without any significant capacity loss. The results validated the combinational coprecipitation/nano-adsorption process to be a potential alternative for effective arsenic removal from highly laden industrial effluent.     

Heterogeneous Fenton degradation of bisphenol A catalyzed by efficient adsorptive Fe3O4/GO nanocomposites

A new method for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution was developed. The oxidative degradation characteristics of BPA in a heterogeneous Fenton reaction catalyzed by Fe₃O₄/graphite oxide (GO) were studied. Transmission electron microscopic images showed that the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were evenly distributed and were ～6 nm in diameter. Experimental results suggested that BPA conversion was affected by several factors, such as the loading amount of Fe₃O₄/GO, pH, and initial H₂O₂ concentration. In the system with 1.0 g L^?1 of Fe₃O₄/GO and 20 mmol L^?1 of H₂O₂, almost 90 % of BPA (20 mg L^?1) was degraded within 6 h at pH 6.0. Based on the degradation products identified by GC–MS, the degradation pathways of BPA were proposed. In addition, the reused catalyst Fe₃O₄/GO still retained its catalytic activity after three cycles, indicating that Fe₃O₄/GO had good stability and reusability. These results demonstrated that the heterogeneous Fenton reaction catalyzed by Fe₃O₄/GO is a promising advanced oxidation technology for the treatment of wastewater containing BPA.