Changes in nitrogen budget and potential risk to the environment over 20 years(1990–2010) in the agroecosystems of the Haihe Basin,China

The nitrogen balance can serve as an indicator of the risk to the environment of nitrogen loss from agricultural land. To investigate the temporal and spatial changes in agricultural nitrogen application and its potential threat to the environment of the Haihe Basin in China, we used a database of county-level agricultural statistics to calculate agricultural nitrogen input, output,surplus intensity, and use efficiency. Chemical fertilizer nitrogen input increased by 51.7% from1990 to 2000 and by 37.2% from 2000 to 2010, concomitant with increasing crop yields.Simultaneously, the nitrogen surplus intensity increased by 53.5% from 1990 to 2000 and by16.5% from 2000 to 2010, presenting a continuously increased environmental risk. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased from 0.46 in 1990 to 0.42 in 2000 and remained constant at 0.42 in 2010,partly due to fertilizer composition and type improvement. This level indicates that more than half of nitrogen inputs are lost in agroecosystems. Our results suggest that although the improvement in fertilizer composition and types has partially offset the decrease in nitrogen use efficiency, the environmental risk has still increased gradually over the past 20 years, along with the increase in crop yields and nitrogen application. It is important to achieve a better nitrogen balance through more effective management to significantly reduce the environmental risk,decrease nitrogen surplus intensity, and increase nitrogen use efficiency without sacrificing crop yields.     

生态浮床与人工湿地净水效果比较小试研究

生态浮床和人工湿地都是近年来在国内外采用的用于净化水质的生态修复的方法,该文章主要研究了静态条件以及不同水力负荷下,种植黄菖蒲的生态浮床与人工湿地的净水效果.试验期间进水高锰酸盐指数、TN、TP、NH<,4><'+>-N平均质量浓度分别为4.74 mg/L、2.92mg/L、0.26 mgL、1.77 mg/L.结果表...     

我国聚氯乙烯行业的低汞化进展探研

文章介绍了我国聚氯乙烯行业汞污染现状及触媒低汞化进展情况,分析了低汞化推广的难点和存在的问题,提出了推进高汞触媒低汞化的对策建议。     

Development of multi-criteria decision making model for remanufacturing technology portfolio selection

Remanufacturing represents a business opportunity and in many cases a means to promote environmental sustainability. To help enterprises economically and effectively implement remanufacturing, a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model for selecting remanufacturing technology is developed. The model considers remanufacturing technology portfolios. The enterprise benefits associated with each portfolio, including economic and environmental benefits, are evaluated using six main criteria: cost, quality, time, service, resource consumption, and environmental impact. In addition, the synergies among the different types of technologies for each remanufacturing technology portfolio are also considered. The pair-wise comparison approach of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed for remanufacturing technology portfolio selection. An illustrative example is provided to lend insights into the application of this methodology.     

Migration and transformation of Sb are affected by Mn(III/IV) associated with lepidocrocite originating from Fe(II) oxidation

Antimony (Sb) is a recognized priority pollutant with toxicity that is influenced by its migration and transformation processes. Oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) oxides, which is a common phenomenon in the environment, is often accompanied by the formation of Mn(III/IV) and might affect the fate of Sb. In this study, incorporated Mn(III) and sorbed/precipitated Mn(III/IV) associated with lepidocrocite were prepared by adding Mn(II) during and after Fe(II) oxidation, respectively, and the effects of these Mn species on Sb fate were investigated. Our results indicated that the association of these Mn species with lepidocrocite obviously enhanced Sb(III) oxidation to Sb(V), while concomitantly inhibiting Sb sorption due to the lower sorption capacity of lepidocrocite for Sb(V) than Sb(III). Additionally, Mn oxide equivalents increased in the presence of Sb, indicating that Sb oxidation by Mn(III/IV) associated with lepidocrocite was a continuous recycling process in which Mn(II) released from Mn(III/IV) reduction by Sb(III) could be oxidized to Mn(III/IV) again. This recycling process was favorable for effective Sb(III) oxidation. Moreover, Sb(V) generated from Sb(III) oxidation by Mn(III/IV) enhanced Mn(II) sorption at the beginning of the process, and thus favored Mn(III/IV) formation, which could further promote Sb(III) oxidation to Sb(V). Overall, this study elucidated the effects of Mn(III/IV) associated with lepidocrocite arisen from Fe(II) oxidation on Sb migration and transformation and revealed the underlying reaction mechanisms, contributing to a better understanding of the geochemical dynamics of Sb.     

太湖塑料添加剂时空分布和生态风险评价

为揭示新冠疫情背景下太湖塑料添加剂的时空分布和风险水平,研究了典型的双酚类、邻苯二甲酸酯类和苯并三唑类等塑料添加剂在太湖表层水体的赋存情况.对全太湖19个监测点位进行4个季度的监测,并评估其潜在的生态风险.结果表明,自2020年秋季至2021年夏季,双酚A（BPA）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-甲氧基）乙酯（DMEP）、邻苯二甲基丁基苄基酯（BBP）和苯并三唑（UV-328）在太湖表层水体中均有检出.DEP、 DMEP、 BBP、 BPA和UV-328的检出率分别为100%、 97%、 58%、 98%和7%.对比近年来的塑料添加剂污染水平可以发现,太湖的各类塑料添加剂污染水平并未随疫情背景下塑料制品用量的剧增而加重,反而因人类活动减缓而呈现下降趋势.太湖塑料添加剂检出浓度有明显的季度差异,春、夏季平均值高于秋、冬季,分别是104.7、 100.3、 30.7和29.9ng·L^-1.其在空间分布上也具有一定的差异性,主要表现为高浓度点位聚集在太湖西南沿岸.生态风险评估结果表明,太湖塑料添加剂的赋存对藻类存在低风险,比例达30%,秋、冬季风险性高于...     

滇池浮游植物群落特征及与环境因子的典范对应分析

2013年3、5、7和11月对滇池浮游植物群落进行监测,共检出浮游植物6门31属,主要由绿藻门、蓝藻门、硅藻门组成.浮游植物平均丰度值7482×10⁴ cells/L,3月绿藻门占优势,优势种为栅藻;5、7、11月均以蓝藻门占优势,优势种均为微囊藻.对31属浮游植物与10个环境因子的关系进行典范对应分析(Canonical Correspondence Analysis,CCA),结果表明:电导率、DO、TN、TP、COD_Mn是影响滇池浮游植物分布的主要环境因子.蓝藻能适应较高氮磷营养盐,还受到电导率、COD_Mn、DO、pH值影响;绿藻能适应高的水温、pH值和COD_Mn,同时受到氮磷营养盐、DO、电导率的影响;硅藻能适应高的pH值、COD_Mn,还受到氮磷营养盐、水温、DO、电导率的影响.     

Modeling of acute cadmium toxicity in solution to barley root elongation using biotic ligand model theory

Protons（H⁺）as well as different major and trace elements may inhibit cadmium（Cd）uptake in aquatic organisms and thus alleviate Cd toxicity.However,little is known about such interactions in soil organisms.In this study,the independent effects of the cations calcium(Ca²⁺),magnesium(Mg²⁺),potassium（K⁺）,H+and zinc(Zn²⁺)on Cd toxicity were investigated with 5-day long barley root elongation tests in nutrient solutions.The tested concentrations of selected cations and trace metal ions were based on the ranges that occur naturally in soil pore water.The toxicity of Cd decreased with increasing activity of Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,H⁺and Zn²⁺,but not K⁺.Accordingly,conditional binding constants were obtained for the binding of Cd²⁺,Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺,H⁺,and Zn²⁺ with the binding ligand:log K_CdBL5.19,logK_CaBL2.87,logK_MgBL2.98,logK_HBL5.13 and logK_ZnBL5.42,respectively.Furthermore,it was calculated that on average 29% of the biotic ligand sites needed to be occupied by Cd to induce a 50% decrease in root elongation.Using the estimated constants,a biotic ligand model was successfully developed to predict the Cd toxicity to barley root elongation as a function of solution characteristics.The feasibility and accuracy of its application for predicting Cd toxicity in soils were discussed.     

ASBR处理食品废水中DOM转化过程的荧光光谱

利用厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)处理食品废水,结合三维荧光光谱技术考察不同反应时段废水中溶解性有机物(DOM)的光谱特征和物质来源,并建立DOM特征峰荧光强度与氨氮浓度的关系.工艺运行结果表明:食品废水经过ASBR处理后,进水的COD从1100mg/L降至91mg/L,COD去除率达到91.73%,说明ASBR反应器可有效降解食品废水中的有机物质.三维荧光光谱显示,5种物质的特征荧光峰,即高激发波长色氨酸(峰A)、低激发波长色氨酸(峰B)、可见光区富里酸(峰C)、紫外光区富里酸(峰D)、类腐殖酸(峰E).随着厌氧生物处理的进行,峰A、峰B和峰C的荧光强度表现为先增加后减少的趋势;峰D荧光强度表现为微弱增加趋势;峰E荧光强度为先减少后增加趋势.荧光光谱指数FI、HIX、BIX表明,废水具有明显生物源特征.建立高激发波长色氨酸、低激发波长色氨酸特征峰荧光强度与色氨酸荧光强度之和与氨氮浓度在反应周期内的相关性,其相关系数分别为0.8136、0.9390、0.9153,说明可通过三维荧光光谱技术快速监测食品废水厌氧生物处理过程中的氨氮浓度.     

铬-菲复合污染土壤的电动修复效果

为了解决常规电动修复方法对土壤重金属-有机物复合污染去除效率低的问题,采用向电解液中添加表面活性剂以及控制阴极电解液为酸性的电动强化修复技术,以Cr和菲为代表性污染物,研究电压和表面活性剂〔TritonX-100(曲拉通100)、SDBS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)〕以及阴极电解液pH对修复效果的影响. 结果表明:Cr(Ⅵ)以阴离子团形式呈现向阳极迁移的趋势,菲呈现向阴极迁移的趋势;随着施加电压的升高,污染物去除率也会相应提高,当电压梯度升至1.0 V/cm时,Cr(T)、Cr(Ⅵ)、菲的去除率分别达到34.3%、76.9%、12.7%. 在电压梯度为1 V/cm的条件下,控制阴极电解液pH为4.00时,Cr(T)、Cr(Ⅵ)、菲的去除率分别升至45.1%、84.8%、23.1%;向电解液中添加表面活性剂后能提高污染物的去除率,其中,添加SDBS能够将Cr-菲复合污染土壤中Cr(T)、Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率由34.3%、76.9%升至39.9%、82.0%,添加TritonX-100能够将有机物菲的去除率由12.7%升至27.0%. 研究显示,修复处理后污染物浓度均有不同程度的降低,充分表明电动处理时提高修复电压、添加表面活性剂以及控制阴极电解液的酸碱性可以明显促进污染物在土壤中的迁移.