Lateral velocity distribution in open channels with partially flexible submerged vegetation

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - This study implemented three analytical models to investigate the lateral distribution of depth-averaged streamwise velocity in a rectangular channel with lateral,...     

电化学间接氧化法处理H_2S气体的研究

采用填料塔对铁盐溶液吸收 H2 S的过程进行了初步研究 ,考察了气液比、填料层高度、吸收温度、Fe3+浓度、进气 H2 S浓度和 H+浓度等因素对 H2 S去除率的影响。结果表明 ,气液比、填料层高度和吸收温度对吸收效率的影响比较显著。通过正交试验选出最佳工艺条件 ,在此工艺条件下 H2 S的去除率接近 10 0 %。     

Three-dimensional simulation of reservoir temperature and pollutant transport by the lattice Boltzmann method

Predicting the three-dimensional (3D) transport processes of reservoir temperature and pollutants is essential for water environmental protection and restoration, and introducing the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method into this prediction is necessary because of its simple algorithm, straightforward implementation of boundary conditions, and high computation efficiency. In this paper, a triple-distribution function (TDF) LB model for flow-temperature-concentration coupling simulations is introduced. Some essential techniques for implementing this method in 3D reservoirs are also described, including the treatment of water surface fluctuation, the consideration of surface heat exchange, and the hardware acceleration using the graphics processing unit (GPU). Two cases verified the proposed model, and then, the temporal-spatial variations of flow, temperature, and pollutants in the upper reservoir of a pumped-storage power station during both pumping and generating modes were analyzed to demonstrate its applicability. In the reservoir, the water forms several circulations, the cold water from the inlet flows as an undercurrent firstly, and then spread laterally, and the spreading of pollutants directly relates to the flow velocity. The results of flow, temperature, and concentration fields in different working conditions are consistent with model tests and physical laws, which shows good prospects of the proposed LB model.

     

Long-term impacts of graphene oxide and Ag nanoparticles on anammox process: Performance, microbial community and toxic mechanism

The increasing application of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) has posed an emerging challenge to constructed wetland wastewater treatment. The performance, microbial community and toxic mechanism of anammox-based unplanted subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (USFCWs) were investigated under the long-term exposure of different graphene oxides (GOs) and Ag NP concentrations. Results showed that the addition of GO could promote TN removal, manifesting as function anammox bacteria C. Anammoxoglobus having a relative high abundance, for GO did not cause significant damage to the cell integrity though there was an increase in ROS concentrations. TN removal would not be obviously affected under exposure of 1?mg/L Ag NPs, for the function gene related to cell biogenesis and repair was up-regulated; while the addition of 10?mg/L Ag NPs would have an inhibiting effect on TN removal in the USFCWs, for the disappearance of some species having anammox ability. Key enzymes of anammox process (NIR and HDH) decreased to some extent under GO and Ag NP exposure, and function gene of defense mechanisms had an increase trend in samples.     

流域跨界水污染纠纷对策研究

本文介绍了国内外广泛存在的严重流域跨界水污染纠纷问题，结合我国流域的实际情况，提出了污染物人工调控和污染物间接不影响等几个基本假定，构建了流域跨界水污染纠纷顺序决策模型，并用此模型解释了我国严重的流域跨界水污染纠纷问题；针对目前的状况，提出了改进污染物削减指令配额管理体制，建立合作协调管理体制的对策；通过对淮河流域跨界水污染纠纷的实证分析时比了两种管理体制的优劣，最后分析了影响合作协调管理体制的诸多因素。     

高温ASBR处理热水解污泥的梯度升温法启动试验研究

采用序批式运行方式、梯度升温方法进行了高温ASBR处理热水解污泥的启动实验.结果表明,梯度升温法能在131 d内较快地启动高温ASBR反应器.在3个梯度升温阶段中（35℃→40℃→47℃→53℃）,反应器的性能都出现了一定的波动,其中在中温→中温（35℃→40℃）、高温→高温（47℃→53℃）阶段出现的波动比较小,而在中温→高温（40℃→47℃）阶段反应器的产气量、甲烷含量、出水COD和反应器内微生物量都出现了较大的变化,反应器的性能波动较大,40℃和47℃分别为中温和高温的上限和下限.在反应器启动过程的稳态期,反应器的平均产气量为2.038 L/d,甲烷含量为72.0％,COD产气率（CH₄/COD_投入）为188.8　mL/g,TCOD和SCOD平均去除率分别为63.8％和83.3％.扫描电镜和DGGE分析结果表明,启动过程中反应器中的微生物形态和种类都发生了变化,启动初期（35℃）和稳定期（53℃）的优势菌种明显不同.     

Zn、Cd单一及复合污染对黑麦草根分泌物及根际Zn、Cd形态的影响

采用根袋土培试验,研究了锌、镉单一及复合污染对重金属富集植物黑麦草生长、锌镉积累、根分泌物及根际Zn、Cd形态的影响.结果表明,锌镉共存下(8 mmol/kg Zn+2 mmol/kg Cd),黑麦草对锌、镉的吸收为协同效应;仅镉污染时(2 mmol/kg Cd),镉对植株吸收锌为抑制效应.黑麦草吸收的锌、镉主要集中在地上部,以锌、镉复合污染时植株地上部对锌、镉的富集量最大,分别达到3 108.72、73.97 mg/kg,具有作为土壤重金属锌、镉污染植物修复材料的潜力.根际的松结合态锌、镉（交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰结合态）含量大于其非根际的松结合态锌、镉含量.Cd污染和Zn、Cd复合污染的根际和非根际土壤镉形态均以交换态>碳酸盐结合态>铁锰结合态>残渣态>有机结合态.Zn污染及Zn、Cd复合污染根际和非根际土壤各锌形态以铁锰结合态>碳酸盐结合态>残渣态>有机结合态>交换态,而Cd污染的根际和非根际的锌形态则以残渣态>铁锰结合态>有机结合态>碳酸盐结合态>交换态.Zn、Cd污染促进了黑麦草根系氨基酸的分泌,降低了根际土壤的pH值,以Zn、Cd复合污染根际土壤氨基酸总量最大,分别为对照、Zn和Cd污染的1.95、1.54和1.40倍,根际土壤的pH值最低(5.18).根际氨基酸含量在重金属胁迫下明显增加,可能与黑麦草适应重金属胁迫有关.根际pH值高于非根际是根际Zn、Cd有效性大于非根际的重要原因.     

2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶的波谱学数据与结构分析

2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶是重要的农药中间体.以3-甲基吡啶为原料通过光氯化反应合成2-氯-5-三氯甲基吡啶,经分离后得到纯度为99.5%的产品.利用红外(IR)、紫外(UV)、质谱(MS)、核磁共振(NMR)等实验技术研究了其波谱学特征,详细讨论了该化合物的1HNMR、13CNMR谱,并对所有1HNMR、13CNMR谱的信号进行了归属.讨论了红外吸收特征峰对应官能团的振动形式,样品的官能团与目标化合物一致.该方法为此类化合物的结构解析提供了有益的分析依据.     

假单胞茵胞内酶粗提液对藻毒素MCLR的降解

对比研究了假单胞菌M-6及其细胞内外提取液对微囊藻毒素-LR(MCLR)的降解效率.结果表明,细胞外提取液对藻毒素没有降解作用,胞内酶粗提液能在24h内降解MCLR,日均MCLR降解率是纯菌株M-6的4.7倍.进而研究了酶蛋白浓度、底物MCLR浓度、pH值及环境温度对胞内酶粗提液降解藻毒素效率的影响.当MCLR浓度为15.0mg·l~(-1)时,MCLR适宜的酶促降解反应条件为:酶蛋白浓度280mg·l~(-1),温度为30℃,反应pH值为7.0.MCLR液相色谱结构变化图表明,至少有3种酶参与了胞内酶粗提液降解MCLR的分子过程.     

工频磁场诱导人FL细胞膜EGF的受体聚簇及噪声磁场的干预

为了研究50Hz工频磁场对人源细胞膜表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)的受体聚簇现象的可能诱导作用及噪声磁场的干预,将人羊膜细胞FL(human amniotic cells)分别用EGF、不同强度(0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4mT)工频磁场、噪声磁场、工频磁场和噪声磁场叠加的复合场处理15 min后,用间接免疫荧光染色法标记,并用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞膜表皮生长因子(EGF)的受体的聚簇现象.结果表明,0.1、0.2、0.4mT工频磁场辐照FL细胞15 min可诱导细胞膜EGF的受体发生聚簇,但0.05mT工频磁场辐照时,细胞膜不出现EGF受体的明显聚簇.0.2mT噪声磁场则不能诱导细胞膜EGF受体的聚簇;当0.2mT噪声磁场与0.1、0.2mT工频磁场叠加后,可抑制工频磁场诱导的细胞膜EGF受体聚簇,但不能完全抑制0.4mT工频磁场诱导的细胞膜EGF受体聚簇.研究结果表明,一定强度的工频磁场能诱导细胞膜EGF受体的聚簇;其作用阈值在0.05～0.1mT之间;噪声磁场对工频磁场诱导膜受体聚簇的干预作用存在剂量-效应关系.