川西亚高山3个优势树种细根形态特征

林木细根(直径2 mm)拥有庞大而复杂的分枝系统,在森林生态系统养分循环过程中发挥重要作用,因此研究不同树种细根构型形态对树种地下生态位分离、共存和森林生态系统功能过程具有重要意义.选取川西亚高山3个优势树种——岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)、粗枝云杉(Picea asperate)和红桦(Butula albosinensis),采用挖掘法采集完整的细根根系,依据根序分级方法,测定细根形态参数(直径、根长、比根长和比表面积).结果表明:细根形态在不同根序间差异显著,3个树种细根直径、根长随根序的升高而升高,比根长和比表面积随序级的升高而降低.不同树种间细根形态也表现出极显著差异,岷江冷杉、粗枝云杉和红桦细直径变化范围分别为0.31-0.85 mm、0.29-0.65 mm和0.23-0.55 mm,两个针叶树种(岷江冷杉和粗枝云杉)直径与根长均大于红桦.红桦的比根长和比表面积则高于两个针叶树种.综上所述,低级别根吸收能力更强而构建消耗更低;红桦比岷江冷杉和粗枝云杉根系吸收能力更强.     

氧化锰改性的茶叶渣吸附水体中Pb(Ⅱ)

将水合氧化锰(HMO)采用原位沉积技术负载于废弃茶叶渣表面,合成了复合材料氧化锰改性的茶叶渣(HMO-TW),研究了HMO-TW对水溶液中常见重金属离子Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性,探讨了溶液p H值、共存碱土离子、温度、接触时间、Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度等因素对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附效果的影响.结果表明:酸性范围内,Pb(Ⅱ)的去除率随p H升高而增大;在竞争离子Ca(Ⅱ)、Mg(Ⅱ)、Na(Ⅰ)的浓度高于Pb(Ⅱ)20倍时,Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附去除率仅分别下降11%、7%和1%;Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程较好的符合Freundlich等温模型,计算的理论最大吸附容量为188.25 mg·g-1.远远高于未经改性茶叶渣的Pb(Ⅱ)吸附量(33.49 mg·g-1);Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附速度较快,250 min内便基本达吸附平衡.所有结果均证实HMO-TW在净化实际铅污染水体中有着较为广阔的应用前景.     

Analysis of the phenolic compounds in root exudates produced by a subalpine coniferous species as responses to experimental warming and nitrogen fertilisation

In terrestrial ecosystems, plant root exudates clearly play a crucial role in the belowground ecosystem. However, there have been few reports on root exudates from field-grown plants or mature trees in situ, especially when exposed to experimental warming. In this study, we adopted and modified a culture-based cuvette system developed especially for root exudation collection in the field to collect soluble root exudates of a subalpine coniferous species, Abies faxoniana, under experimental warming and nitrogen fertilisation treatments. We then analysed the chemical composition and relative abundance of root exudates using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major chemical constituents of root exudates were phenols and their derivatives of all the different treatments, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. Experimental warming had significant effects on the relative contents of major compounds and an increase effect on the total phenolic acid compounds. By contrast, there were small significant effects of N fertilisation on root exudation and no significant effects of the warming×N fertilisation interaction. Meanwhile, warming also markedly increased soil polyphenol oxidase activity and it may be soil ecological adjustment response to changes of root exudation under global climate warming.     

Economics analysis of food waste treatment in China and its influencing factors

• Economics of food waste treatment projects at 29 pilot cities in China was examined. • Roles of location, population size, processing technique, and income were studied. • Economic benefits were limited with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. • Service population size affects construction economics significantly (P = 0.016). • Choice of food waste processing technique affects operating economics notably. This study examines the economic benefits of food waste treatment projects in China and factors affecting them. National-level pilot projects for food waste treatment located in 29 cities were selected as samples. The economics of food waste recycling from the investors’ perspective, in terms of investment during the construction phase and cost and benefit during the operation phase, was assessed. Results indicate that the average tonnage investment of food waste treatment projects was RMB 700.0±188.9 thousand yuan, with a profit to cost ratio of 0.08±0.37. This ratio increased to 0.95±0.57 following the application of government subsidies. It highlights the limited economic benefits of food waste treatment facilities, which rely on government subsidies to maintain their operations in China. Further analysis using a multi-factor analysis model revealed that regional location, service population size, processing techniques, and urban income exerted varying impacts on the economy of food waste treatment. Population size exerted the highest impact (P = 0.016) during the construction stage, and processing techniques notably influenced the project economy during the operation stage. The study highlights the need to prioritize service population size and processing techniques during economic decision-making and management of food waste recycling projects. The results of this study can serve as a valuable practical reference for guiding future policies regarding food waste treatment and related planning.     

裂解温度调控溶解性生物炭光敏化产生活性氧自由基

溶解性生物炭受紫外光辐射产生的活性氧自由基(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)易对环境造成影响,受到环境领域的持续关注.以玉米秸秆为原料,在不同裂解温度(200～600℃)下制备了5种生物炭,并通过水提得到溶解性生物炭(Dissolved biochar,DBC),系统考察了生物炭裂解温度对DBC结构和组分的影响,并利用化学分子探针定量研究了DBC在紫外光辐射下产生常见ROS的能力,如羟基自由基(Hydroxyl radical,?OH)、单线态氧(Singlet oxygen,¹O₂)和超氧自由基(Superoxide radical,O₂?^-).结果表明,DBC主要由有机酸、类蛋白质和纳米级生物炭构成,前两者皆会随生物炭裂解温度上升而减少,后者则会逐渐增多.高温DBC-(400～600℃)具有更强芳香性和疏水性,但荧光物质含量极低.对DBC产生的ROS进行定量研究发现,仅DBC-200℃和300℃产生少量?OH.DBC-300℃的¹O₂     

基于神经网络的土霉素废水处理试验仿真系统

土霉素结晶母液属于高浓度的有机废水，用传统的处理方法不能明确其反应机理，试验结果也并不理想。在已有的实验数据基础上，利用神经网络建立水处理试验仿真系统，通过计算机模拟预测出各种试剂的合理用量，最后在实验室进行验证，取得了良好的效果。     

污泥的粘度与浓度、温度三者关系式的实验推导

通过融合污泥粘度与污泥浓度关系式、污泥粘度与温度关系式，得到一个新的关系式：污泥粘度与污泥浓度、温度的关系式，并通过实验数据拟合出各项参数，拟合效果比较理想。得出的污泥粘度与污泥浓度、温度的关系式对了解污泥的粘度变化非常有帮助，同时，该关系式也将为污泥处理、处置方案的制定提供参考依据。     

贵州百花水库浮游藻类功能群时空分布特征及影响因子分析

为了探究百花水库浮游藻类功能群时空分布特征及其环境影响因子,于2012年11月（枯水期）、2013年4月（平水期）和2013年7月（丰水期）对浮游藻类群落结构与水环境理化指标进行采样分析.基于浮游藻类功能群、综合营养状态指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、RDA（冗余分析）等方法,分析浮游藻类功能群的群落组成和时空分布特征.结果表明:①共鉴定浮游藻类7门67属58种,其可划分为21个功能群.浮游藻类丰度从枯水期→平水期→丰水期递增,分别为131.99×104、592.27×104、53 140.81×104 L-1.②根据浮游藻类丰度,B功能群小环藻（Cyclotella sp.）,J功能群栅藻（Scenedesmus sp.）、盘星藻（Pediastrum sp.）、空星藻（Coelastrum sp.）,P功能群颗粒直链藻（Melosira granulate）、鼓藻（Penium sp.）,S1功能群湖泊假鱼腥藻（Pseudanabaena limnetica）、湖丝藻（Limnothrix sp.）为优势功能群;浮游藻类功能群季节变化明显,其时空分布特征（枯水期→平水期→丰水期,下同）为P+B+J→J+P→S1.在垂直层面上,枯水期以硅藻组成的P、B功能群在各采样点底层藻类丰度达到最大,中层和底层丰度远高于表层,与P、B类群耐受低光的因素有关;平水期以绿藻组成的J功能群在各采样点15 m藻类丰度达到峰值,与J类群耐受低光的因素有关;丰水期以蓝藻组成的S1功能群在各水层表层藻类丰度达到最大,与S1适宜较高水温的因素有关.③RDA分析结果表明,WT（水温）是影响百花水库浮游藻类时空分布的主要环境因子.研究显示,根据浮游藻类绝对优势功能群（P、B、J、S1）以及不同季节生长策略（R/CR/CR→CR/R→R）可以判定百花水库处于中-富营养化状态.      

SLC16A1-AS1 enhances radiosensitivity and represses cell proliferation and invasion by regulating the miR-301b-3p/CHD5 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common type of human malignancies, leads to increasing incidence and fairly high mortality. An increasing number of...