Evidence on the causes of the rising levels of CODMn along the middle route of the South-to-North Diversion Project in China: The role of algal dissolved organic matter

As the biggest inter-basin water transfer scheme in the world,the South-to-North Water Diversion Project（SNWD） was designed to alleviate the water crisis in North China.The main channel of the middle route of the SNWD is of great concern in terms of the drinking water quality.In this study,we tested the hypothesis that the dissolved organic matter（DOM） derived from the planktonic algae causes the rising levels of COD_Mn along the middle route by monitoring data on water quality（2015-20...     

Hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur oxidizing denitrification for advanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment

The discharge of slau ghterhouse wastewater（SWW） is incre asing and its wastewater has to be treated thoroughly to avoid the eutrophication.The hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur autotrophic denitrification（IX-AD） process was developed to advanced treat SWW after traditional secondary biological process.Compared with traditional sulfur oxidizing denitrification（SOD）,this study found that IX-AD column showed:（1） stronger ability to resist NO₃^-pollution load,（2） low...     

煤基腐殖酸对外源砷胁迫下玉米生长及生理性状的影响简

为了筛选用于砷污染土壤治理的煤基腐殖酸,采用盆栽实验研究了施用不同种类和浓度的煤基腐殖酸及EDTA对外源砷胁迫下玉米株高、株鲜重、株干重、根干重、砷积累量、叶片抗氧化酶（POD,SOD和CAT）活性和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明,11种供试煤基腐殖酸均促进了玉米生长,提高了叶片POD、SOD和CAT活性。其中6和10号腐殖酸可降低土壤砷活性和显著抑制玉米吸收和积累砷,而8和9号腐殖酸增加了土壤活性砷和显著促进了玉米对砷的吸收和累积,且不同程度地强于EDTA。除8和9号外,其余腐殖酸均可明显降低玉米叶片脯氨酸的含量。EDTA可显著促进玉米吸收和积累砷,且加剧了砷对玉米的危害。因此,8和9号供试煤基腐殖酸可以替代EDTA活化土壤砷,与植物配合以提高砷污染土壤的植物修复速度和效果,而6和10号供试煤基腐殖酸则可用于土壤砷钝化剂,以保证作物产品的安全。     

试论生态文明制度体系的构建

建立健全生态文明制度体系是推进我国生态文明建设的重点。党的十八届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》指出,生态文明制度体系应当包括决策制度、评价制度、管理制度与考核制度等内容。立足社会主义制度建设的中国特色,针对我国生态文明建设的具体需求,本文将生态文明制度体系解构为四大板块:绿色高效决策制度、生态有价评估制度、生态环境监管制度与生态优先考核制度,并进一步明确了各项制度构建工作的具体内容。生态文明制度体系的构建和不断完善,将为全面建成人与自然和谐的美丽中国提供系统保障。     

镍基催化剂对污泥微波热解制生物气效能的影响

为实现污水污泥减量化、无害化及资源化的目标,在微波热解污水污泥基础上,进行了镍基催化剂对制取生物气效能影响的研究。采用元素分析对污泥元素进行检测,气/质联用分析(GC-MS)和气相色谱(GC)对热解生物气的组成和含量进行测定。实验结果表明,镍基催化剂的添加对微波热解污水污泥制取生物气有较大促进作用。5%添加量与800℃热解终温条件下具有最佳催化效果:生物气中H2、CO产量最大,H2产量由29 g/kg增加到35.8 g/kg,提升23.4%,CO产量由302.7 g/kg增加到383.3 g/kg,提升26.6%;同时催化剂还能提高热能利用效率,降低热解终温,即5%添加量在700℃热解终温时可达到空白800℃时的产气效果;镍基催化剂主要在500~600℃时发挥催化作用,加快了H2和CO的释放。微波热解污泥制取的生物气具有产量大、富含H2与CO等优点,可推动污水污泥的资源化进程。     

A method to extract algae toxin of microcystin-LR

A simple and low-cost method to obtain cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR(MC-LR) was developed. A new strain of Microcystis aeruginosa,named DC-1, producing microcystin-LR but not microcystin-RR, was separated from the field blooming algae samples of Dianchi Lake.in southwest of China. Following three times‘freeze and thaw treatment, the cultivated DC-cells were extracted with 40% methanol in water.The extract was centrifuged and the supernatant applied to a Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance(HLB) SPE cartridge.Eluted impuries with a certain gradient from 30% to 50% methanol in water, MC-LR was finally eluted from the HLB cartridge with 60%.may be used in adsorption and biodegradation experiments instead of using expensive standard reagents.     

T-2毒素的毒性效应及致毒机制研究进展

T-2毒素是由多种镰刀菌产生的单端孢霉烯族化合物中毒性较强的一种毒素,广泛存在于谷物和谷类食品中.经食物连续摄入T-2毒素会对人类和动物的健康造成潜在危害.目前,T-2毒素对人和动物健康的影响受到了社会的广泛关注,已成为毒理学领域研究的热点课题之一.在综述了T-2毒素的生物转化、代谢途径及其毒理学效应与机制基础上,对现...     

生理毒代动力学模型及其在有机污染物水生生态毒理研究中的应用

人类生产和生活使用各种人工合成的化学品,种类和数量急剧增长,对生态系统和人体健康造成了极大威胁。因此,亟需采用高效的方法对数量巨大的化合物进行毒性评价。对生理毒代动力学(PBTK)模型的建立过程及其在污染物生态毒理研究中的应用进行了综述。PBTK模型,又称生理药代动力学(PBPK)模型,是利用生理学和解剖学等原理,将生物体简化为用血流连接的肝、肾和脂肪等各组织器官房室,模拟化合物在生物体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄过程。模型参数包括生理参数和生化参数2个部分,可用MATLAB等软件进行模拟。模型已应用于数百余种有机污染物在鱼体等水生生物体的毒代动力学模拟。已有模拟结果能够预测化合物在生物体内的有效剂量,对化合物毒性进行评估,并可用于不同物种、不同剂量和不同暴露途径间的外推,有力推进了污染物生态毒理研究工作的开展。     

喀喇昆仑-昆仑山昆虫区系

喀喇昆仑-昆仑山昆虫区系属于典型的古北区性质,古北种占53.93％,中亚成分占16.85％,北坡受中亚成分影响大,南坡占有多数的高山成分。这一地域昆虫区系的形成和演替与其地质历史密切相关。由于印度板块不断向北挤压,喀喇昆仑-昆仑山强烈抬升,随着塔里木盆地的形成,地域性的昆虫区系便产生了,并有其特有成分的分化:亚种级的分化,种级的分化甚至属级的分化     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.