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41.
Izumi Noguchi Kentaro Hayashi Masahide Aikawa Tsuyoshi Ohizumi Yukiya Minami Moritsugu Kitamura Akira Takahashi Hiroshi Tanimoto Kazuhide Matsuda Hiroshi Hara 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):67-75
Temporal trends of non-sea salt (nss-) sulfate and nitrate were analyzed from nationwide precipitation chemistry measurements
provided by the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) for the 1988–2002 fiscal years (April–March). The concentrations and deposition
of nss-sulfate were found to be decreasing, and those of nitrate were stable or slightly increasing at most sites. These deposition
trends were discussed from the viewpoint of emissions of SO2 and NOX during the period of interest. Because monitoring techniques have changed in the number of active sites, samplers, and analytical
methods during the operation period, the median of all annual depositions measured in Japan in a specific year was selected
as the annual representative. The contribution of specific emission sources was also calculated for 1990 on the basis of the
nss-sulfate and nitrate deposition in Japan obtained with a model simulation in which the model did not include volcanic emissions
from Mt. Oyama, Miyakejima Island, which began to erupt suddenly and violently in 2000. For nss-sulfate, the calculated deposition
agrees well with the intensity and trends of the median up to 1999. After 2000, a higher deposition than calculated in the
preceding years was evident, which is attributable to the volcanic SO2 from Mt. Oyama. For nitrate, both the calculated and observed depositions were slightly increasing; however, the calculation
was found to exceed the observation. 相似文献
42.
Relationship of PCDD/F and Co-PCB concentrations in breast milk with infant birthweights in Tokyo, Japan 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
OBJECTIVE: To observe how PCDD/F and Co-PCB concentrations in breast milk relate to infant birthweights in Tokyo, Japan. STUDY DESIGN: Breast milk samples were collected from 240 mothers (aged 25-34years old) residing in Tokyo to measure the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs; 14 congeners), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs; 15 congeners), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs; 12 congeners) in the breast milk fat. Individual milk samples (about 50ml) were obtained 30days after delivery, between the months of June and September in 1999 and 2000. The relationship of the infant birthweights with the PCDD/F and Co-PCB concentrations was observed. RESULTS: The birthweights were negatively correlated the concentrations of many of the PCDD/F and Co-PCB congeners, with the mean toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs) of the Co-PCBs, and with the sum of the PCDD, PCDF and Co-PCBs, although their correlation coefficients were less than 0.200. Multiple regression analysis showed octachlorodioxin was statistically significant explanatory variate. CONCLUSIONS: There were slight relationship between the dioxins levels of breast milk and the birthweights of the infants. 相似文献
43.
Agricultural development to meet rapidly growing demands for food and biofuel and the abandonment of traditional land use have had major impacts on biodiversity. Habitat diversity is one of the most important factors influencing biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. In this study we propose an ecological index of ecosystem or habitat diversity in agricultural landscapes – the Satoyama Index (SI) – that is discernible under appropriate spatial units (e.g., 6 km × 6 km) from 1 km × 1 km gridded land-cover data available from an open-access web site. A high SI value is an indicator of high habitat diversity, which is characteristic of traditional agricultural systems, including Japanese satoyama landscapes, while a low value indicates a monotonic habitat condition typical of extensive monoculture landscapes. The index correlated well with the spatial patterns of occurrence of a bird of prey (Butastur indicus) and species richness of amphibians and damselflies in Japan. The values of the SI also corresponded well to the spatial patterns of typical traditional agricultural landscapes with high conservation value in other countries, for example, the dehesas of the Iberian Peninsula and shade coffee landscapes in Central America. Globally, the pattern of East/South-East Asian paddy belts with their high index values contrasts markedly with the low values of the Eurasian, American, and Australian wheat or corn belts. The SI, which correlates landscapes with biodiversity through potential habitat availability, is highly promising for assessing and monitoring the status of biodiversity irrespective of scale. 相似文献
44.
Although mysids play important roles in marine food chains, studies on their production are scarce, especially for warm-water
species. We investigated life history and production of Orientomysis robusta in a shallow warm-temperate habitat of the Sea of Japan. Its spawning and recruitment occurred throughout the year; 19 overlapping
cohorts were recognizable over an annual cycle. The summer cohorts recruited in July–September exhibited rapid growth, early
maturity, small brood size, and small body size. A converse set of life history traits characterized the autumn–winter cohorts
recruited in October–March. The spring cohorts recruited in April–June had intermediate characteristics of both cohorts. Life
spans were 19–33, 21–48, and 69–138 days for summer, spring, and autumn–winter cohorts, respectively, and mortality rates
were high for spring and summer cohorts, especially during June–August but were low for autumn–winter cohorts. Production
calculated from the summation of growth increments was 488.8 mg DW m−2 year−1 with an annual P/B ratio of 21.26. The short life span seems to be responsible for such an extremely high P/B ratio. A method not requiring recognition and tracking cohorts gave similar values (534.0 mg DW m−2 year−1 and 20.49). The close agreement in production values between the two methods indicates our estimates are valid. 相似文献
45.
Mandour Ahmed S. Elsayed Roushdy F. Ali Asmaa O. Mahmoud Ahmed E. Samir Haney Dessouki Amina A. Matsuura Katsuhiro Watanabe Izumi Sasaki Kazuaki Al-Rejaie Salim Yoshida Tomohiko Shimada Kazumi Tanaka Ryou Watanabe Gen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(7):7815-7827
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Copper deficiency (CuD) is a common mineral disorder in ruminants, which causes histomorphological changes in the heart due to disturbances in... 相似文献