Short-term effects of air pollution on daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in western China

Controlling the confounding factors on cardiovascular diseases, such as long-time trend, calendar effect, and meteorological factors, a generalized additive model (GAM) was used to investigate the short-term effects of air pollutants (PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂) on daily cardiovascular admissions from March 1st to May 31st during 2007 to 2011 in Lanzhou, a heavily polluted city in western China. The influences of air pollutants were examined with different lag structures, and the potential effect modification by dust storm in spring was also investigated. Significant associations were found between air pollutants and hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases both on dust event days and non-dust event days in spring. Air pollutants had lag effects on different age and gender groups. Relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with a 10 μg/m³ increase were 1.14 (1.04~1.26) on lag1 for PM₁₀, 1.31 (1.21~1.51) on lag01 for SO₂, and 1.96 (1.49~2.57) on lag02 for NO₂ on dust days. Stronger effects of air pollutants were observed for females and the elderly (≥60 years). Our analysis concluded that the effects of air pollutants on cardiovascular admissions on dust days were significantly stronger than non-dust days. The current study strengthens the evidence of effects of air pollution on health and dust-exacerbated cardiovascular admissions in Lanzhou.     

A TiO2/crosslinked carboxymethyl starch composite for high-efficiency adsorption and photodegradation of cationic golden yellow X-GL dye

In this paper, a crosslinked carboxymethyl starch (CCMS) was prepared with corn starch as the raw material, epichlorohydrin as the crosslinking agent, and chloroacetic acid as the etherifying agent through a series of crosslinking, alkalization, and etherification reactions, respectively. Nano-TiO₂ was loaded onto the surface of the CCMS by the sol-gel method to obtain a TiO₂/CCMS composite. The TiO₂/CCMS composite was characterized by XPS, XRD, SEM, and BET. XPS showed that the surface chemical composition of the TiO₂/CCMS composite material contained titanium; XRD diffraction patterns indicated that the crystal form of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was a combination of the CCMS and anatase TiO₂. The surface morphology obtained by SEM showed that there were nano-TiO₂ particles on the surface of the CCMS. The specific surface area of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was larger than that of CCMS. The adsorption-photodegradation performance of the TiO₂/CCMS composite was also studied under UV irradiation, and the results showed that significant adsorption-photodegradation synergies occurred.

     

油类废水采样器的优化研究

一般说来,在水体中油的分布是很不均匀的,除少部分乳化状油较为均匀地存在于水体,大部分多分散浮于水面,若用普通采水器完全不能满足要求.因此,油类的环境监测采样要求必须单独使用采样器或专用采样器,并应定容或定面积采样,且不得在实验室再行分样.该研究根据永州市废水污染源的特点,设计制作出水中不均匀分布污染物油类的专用采样器,研究结果表明,其精密度和准确度方面明显优于普通采水器.     

宜昌市水环境质量红线划分与空间管控研究

在宜昌市水环境质量红线划分中,对饮用水源保护区划分、水环境功能区划分和流域控制单元划分给予评估,分析在城市水环境质量红线划分上的可取之处,在自然社会综合系统框架下创造性的提出了适应宜昌城市环境总体规划中水环境质量红线划分的原则、技术方法和分级管控措施,提出的原则与适宜的管控措施为宜昌市水环境质量改善、环境公共服务实现与生态城市建设提供了支持,丰富并实践了生态保护红线体系.     

废旧电子线路板中铜、镍、银的连续测定

为解决废旧电子线路板金属检测过程中所遇到的金属分布不均匀以及金属难以浸取问题,采取适当的样品前处理和样品全分析法。通过对样品进行适当前处理,先灼烧破坏其有机物,再以王水全部溶解样品,在一定条件下,碘量法测定铜、原子吸收光谱法测定镍和银,相对标准偏差均小于3.5%。     

炼厂含硫污水处理优化思路探讨

分析了炼厂含硫污水处理存在的问题,提出了含硫污水处理优化运行的思路和方法,并对企业下一步优化工作提出建议。     

关于对黑龙江省部分地区医疗废物管理情况的调研分析研究

为解决医疗废物的污染问题,对医疗废物的收集、运输和处置情况进行了调研。利用现场视察和座谈会的形式,收集医疗废物收集、运输和处置情况的资料。提出了可行性处置措施,利于环境保护,利于医疗废物收集体系的完善和收集、处置、运行机制的合理社会配置,使医疗废物得到安全有效的处置。医疗废物应以＂就近集中处置＂的原则,交由医疗废物处置机构处置,利于地方环保部门监管,使医疗废物及时得到无害化处理。     

东海赤潮高发区半分析算法色素浓度反演

为研究赤潮机理和预测预报以减少其危害,根据2002-04东海赤潮调查航次实测资料,得出经验系数,建立方程,发展了东海赤潮高发海区的叶绿素a浓度反演半分析算法.由现场实测数据对算法进行检验,叶绿素a吸收系数a_ph(675)及浓度的反演结果误差基本在30%以内,其中浓度反演结果比较,均方根偏差为0.24,最大相对偏差为40.93%,平均相对偏差为18.83%,相关系数R²为0.83.从检验的结果来看,算法反演的精度较好,对于研究海区相对适用.     

甬沪宁管线中水击现象的产生与防范

长距离原油管道在密闭输送过程中,出现非正常停泵、误关阀门等均会引起水击现象发生,水击波沿管道传播,极易导致管道局部超压而造成管道破裂、设备损坏等事故.鉴于甬沪宁管线落差大、管道水力工况复杂等特点,分析水击现象的产生并加以防范是十分必要的.     

HG减阻剂在输油管道中的应用

介绍了添加HG减阻剂的试验情况.现场应用结果表明,添加HG减阻剂不仅具有较好的减阻效果和增输能力,提高了输送的经济效益,同时保证了输油生产安全平稳运行.