佳木斯台形变观测对东北地区几次浅震"场兆"异常的探讨

大地震在主破裂前往往行成地壳变形,高应力作用下进入峰值后的变形阶段,反映到地倾斜观测日均值曲线上,表现为固体潮形变趋势异常,这些异常能否指示远距离的地震,近年来不少研究者发现,远场前兆往往出现在对应力、应变变化反应灵敏的特殊构造部位.佳木斯台可能处于这种特殊的构造部位,对东北地区浅源地震短期前兆异常"场兆"的趋势性变化具有一定的意义.     

纤维层表面非稳态过滤研究

根据纤维层表面过滤的“尘滤尘”现象 ,应用颗粒过滤理论建立了纤维层表面非稳态过滤效率的数学模型。对比研究表明该模型能较深刻地揭示了非稳态过滤过程随过滤时间的变化规律 ,从而对深化纤维过滤器的净化机理的认识、提高过滤效率、延长滤料使用寿命、加强清灰管理等方面有理论及应用意义     

乌石化炼油厂污泥处理技术现状

介绍了国内外有关含油污泥的处理技术、以及乌石化炼油厂的三泥处理技术进展。     

饮用水消毒的若干技术问题探讨

对饮用水中余氯测定存在的问题、余氯与加氯量的关系、水中消毒剂残余量的控制等饮用水消毒所涉及的若干技术问题进行了试验研究和探讨。通过试验摸索出1种测定余氯的分光光度法,作为对目视比色法的修正。     

燃煤流化床锅炉PAHs排放的试验研究

针对大型燃煤循环流化床锅炉，研究锅炉负荷和钙硫比对烟气中及电除器飞灰中多环芳烃含量和种类的影响，试验结果表明：随着锅炉负荷和钙硫比升高，烟气中和飞灰中多环芳烃的种类和含量减少，但负荷和钙硫比对烟气中和飞灰中多环芳烃的影响效果是不同的。     

Mechanism-based quantitative structure-activity relationships for the inhibition of substituted phenols on germination rate of Cucumis sativus

Comparative inhibition activity (GC50) of 42 structurally diverse substituted phenols on seed germination rate of Cucumis sativus was investigated. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were developed by using hydrophobicity (1-octanol/water partition coefficient, logKow) and electrophilicity (the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecule orbital, Eluma) for the toxicity of phenols according to their modes of toxic action. Most phenols elicited their response via a polar narcotic mechanism and a highly significant log Kow-based model was obtained (GC50 = 0.92 log Kow + 1.99, r2 0.84, n = 29). The inclusion of E(lumo) greatly improved the predictive power of the polar narcotic QSAR (GC50 = 0.88 log Kow - 0.30E(lumo) + 1.99, r2 = 0.93, n = 29). pKa proved to be an insignificant influencing factor in this study. Poor correlation with hydrophobicity and strong correlation with electrophilicity were observed for the nine bio-reactive chemicals. Their elevated toxicity was considerably underestimated by the polar narcotic logKow-dependent QSAR. The nine chemicals consist of selected nitro-substituted phenols, hydroquinone, catechol and 2-aminophenol. Their excess toxic potency could be explained by their molecular structure involving in vivo reaction with bio-macromolecules. Strong dissociation of carboxyl group of the four benzoic acid derivatives greatly decreased their observed toxicity. In an effort to model all chemicals including polar narcotics and bio-reactive chemicals, a response-surface analysis with the toxicity, logKow and E(lumo) was performed. This resulted in a highly predictive two-parameter QSAR for most of the chemicals (GC50 = 0. 70 logKow - 0.66E(lumo) + 2.17, r2 = 0.89, n = 36). Catechol and 2,4-dinitrophenol proved to be outliers of this model and their much high toxicity was explained.     

Holographic QSAR of selected esters

The HQSAR (Holographic QSAR) method, which has been recently developed, can offer the ability to rapidly and easily generate QSAR models of high statistical quality and predictive value. HQSAR analysis requires selecting values for parameters that specify the size of the hologram that is to be used, and the size and type of fragment substructures that are to be encoded. The color coding is provided by HQSAR to reflect which molecular fragments may be important contributors to the biological activity. In this work, we studied the quantitative structure activity relationship of selected esters using the HQSAR method. A robust HQSAR model with r² (non-cross-validated regression coefficient) of 0.981 and q² (cross-validated regression coefficient) of 0.912, was developed after optimizing the fragment size and the hologram length. The color coding analysis, which has rarely been reported before, was done here to explain the outlier successfully.     

高级氧化处理苯酚废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂和O3对COD为950mg/L的苯酚废水进行化学氧化处理,通过实验确定各自最佳的运行参数。Fenton:n(H2O2)=36mmol/L,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)=3,pH为3,反应时间为2h,COD去除率为90%;O3:投加量为1200mg/L,pH为11时COD的去除率为60%,两种氧化技术都有较好的处理效果。     

污水厂中微塑料的污染及迁移特征研究进展

合成聚合物的广泛使用和持久性污染使得微塑料（<5mm）成为近年来受到广泛关注的一种新型污染物,污水的大量排放是淡水和海洋环境微塑料的主要来源之一,而污水处理厂也成为微塑料进入淡水与海洋环境的一个重要途径.通过系统调研,追溯污水处理厂中微塑料的来源,综述污水处理厂中微塑料的迁移和污染特征的研究进展,分析国内外污水处理厂中微塑料的特征和去除效果的差异性,为开展国内污水处理厂中微塑料污染研究与监督工作提供参考,并展望未来污水处理厂工艺的发展及改进方向.     

嘉陵江梯级水库水化学特征及氮硅的时空分布研究

随着水电开发的迅速兴起,河流筑坝拦截引起的生态环境效应已不容忽视。为探究筑坝拦截对流域内营养元素生物地球化学循环过程的影响,本研究于2016年1月和7月对嘉陵江中下游4座梯级水库的入库、库内及出库水体进行采样,分析了营养盐(TDN、NO_2~-、NO_3~-、NH_4~+、DSi)及水化学组成;研究在大坝拦截作用下,嘉陵江流域水库水体营养盐及主要阴、阳离子浓度的时空变化特征。结果发现,沿程Na~+、K~+浓度上升的变化趋势表明从上游到下游人为因素的影响在不断加强。受降水稀释影响,TDN和DSi浓度枯水期(冬季)高于丰水期(夏季);剖面水体氮和硅的浓度呈现出表层低、深层高的特征,夏季尤为显著;NO_3~-浓度与NH_4~+和NO_2~-浓度存在负相关关系。上述结果表明氮的转化在表层水体以藻类的吸收同化为主,浅层水体以硝化反应为主,深层水体以反硝化反应为主。