Effects of Natural Disasters on Conservation Policies: The Case of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake,China

Conservation policies are increasing in response to human-induced ecosystem degradation, but little is known about their interplay with natural disasters. Through an analysis of satellite imagery and field data we evaluated the impacts of a devastating earthquake on forest recovery and avoided forest loss estimated to have been obtained by two of the largest conservation programs in the world. Results show that more than 10% of the forests in Wenchuan County, Sichuan province, China were immediately affected by the 2008 earthquake, offsetting some gains in forest cover observed since the enactment of the conservation programs. But without the enactment of these conservation programs, the combined effects of human disturbance and earthquake-induced landslides could have severely reduced the region’s forest cover. The continuation—and enhancement—of incentives for participation in conservation programs will be important for reducing the environmental impacts of the combined effects of human disturbance and natural hazards not only in the study area but also in many disaster-prone regions around the world.     

One-dimensional model for municipal solid waste (MSW) settlement considering coupled mechanical-hydraulic-gaseous effect and concise calculation

A new model entitled the coupled mechanical-hydraulic-gaseous effect and biochemical degradation for municipal solid waste (MSW) is proposed to simulate and predict the MSW settlement in this study. The coupled model can be used to simulate and predict the distributions of gas and water pressure as well as total waste settlement. Model verification indicates that because of degradation, the excess pore gas pressure increases rapidly and reaches a peak value in a short time, and then it dissipates gradually. But the excess pore water pressure may not always increase at the beginning, which depends on hydraulic conductivity of MSW. Dissipation of the excess pore water pressure is slower than that of the excess pore gas pressure. A waste settlement experiment was conducted in the laboratory using a synthetic MSW. The data was used to verify the developed model, which gave satisfactory results. Based on the experimental results, a new formula is proposed to simulate biochemical degradation.     

可燃物填充比对火蔓延影响的实验研究

提出了一种可精确控制燃料床填充比的方法.以刨花为燃料,开展了可燃物填充比对火蔓延影响的系统性实验研究.分析了火焰长度、火焰倾斜角、火蔓延速率、质量损失速率和热流密度随填充比的变化规律.研究发现,随填充比增大,火焰长度逐渐减小,火焰倾斜角逐渐增加,导致火焰热辐射降低、火蔓延速率减小.当填充比小于0.06时,燃料消耗率接近...     

混沌粒子群算法在水污染控制系统规划中的应用

针对常用的最优化方法解决水污染控制系统规划问题运算过程较复杂,容易陷入局部极值,且优化解精度不高的情况,尝试利用混沌方法和粒子群算法相结合的混沌粒子群算法(chaos particle swarm optimization,CPSO)求解此类问题。CPSO算法具有原理简单,且能快速获得最优解的特点。在实例应用中与遗传算法和MATLAB优化函数的优化结果做了比较,CPSO算法的性能以及得到的解明显优于后两种方法,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

上海市全雷电探测系统及其应用

上海市气象局TS7/8000全雷电探测系统是在原SAFIR3000基础上,新增了1个LS8000传感器和3个LS7000传感器,组成了上海TS7/8000全雷电探测系统。该系统的建成扩大了市气象部门对上海及周边地区闪电的探测范围,也提高了对云闪和地闪的探测效率和探测精度。上海市全雷电探测系统获取的闪电数据,已在上海地区的雷电监测预警、短时天气预报、雷击风险评估业务和雷灾事故调查等方面取得了广泛的应用。作为中国地区第一套TS7/8000全雷电探测系统,上海市全雷电探测系统将为防御气象灾害,保护人民群众生命财产安全起到重要作用。     

How Perceived Exposure to Environmental Harm Influences Environmental Behavior in Urban China

Rapid environmental degradation in China makes understanding how perceived exposure to environmental harm influences environmental attitudes and participation in pro-environmental behaviors among the Chinese people crucial. We used a nation-wide survey dataset in urban China to test two hypotheses: experiencing environmental harm directly affects environmental behavior; environmental attitudes mediate the relationship between experiencing environmental harm and environmental behavior. We found respondents who experienced environmental harm had more pro-environmental attitudes. Experiencing environmental harm positively influenced pro-environmental behavior both directly and indirectly through the mediation of pro-environmental attitudes. Among the pro-environmental behaviors, environmental litigation was most strongly related with exposure to environmental harm. Our results suggest that more participation in pro-environmental behaviors may be expected as rapid economic development increases public exposure to environmental harm in urban China.     

解析汽车电子EMC大电流注入测试方法向线束激励方法的转变

文章主要阐述了汽车电子产品进行线束激励方法的技术要求,主要包括:大电流注入(BCI)和管状电磁波耦合器(TWC)方法,并对相关标准的新旧差异及其变更的原因进行研究分析。     

BCO+BAF工艺深度处理洗涤剂废水

采用生物接触氧化(BCO)+曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺深度处理洗涤剂废水,研究了溶解氧浓度(DO)、水力停留时间(HRT)对其处理性能的影响。实验结果表明,随着DO浓度的提高,组合工艺对COD和LAS的去除率都随之增加;水力停留时间的增加有利于对COD与LAS的去除,最佳停留时间选为21.2h为宜;在BCO段DO为3.0 mg/L,HRT为20.0 h,BAF段DO为4.0 mg/L,HRT为1.2 h的运行条件下,COD与LAS的去除率分别为90.5%和94.3%,出水COD和LAS均能达到排放标准。     

S-诱抗素生产废水预处理研究

以S-诱抗素生产过程中产生的超高浓度萃取废水为处理对象,研究了蒸发浓缩、汽提分离回收和综合调理法3种预处理方法的技术经济可行性。对3种工艺经济技术分析表明,萃取废水经综合调理器处理后,出水pH为8~9,COD Cr去除率为20%~33%,NH3-N去除率为25%~29%,SO2-4去除率达到95%左右,该工艺设备简单、投资少,最大单位运行成本(按浓水计)为2.39元,更适合于S-诱抗素萃取废水的预处理。     

过渡金属离子改性MCM-41对乙烯吸附的影响

为了提高吸附剂对乙烯气体的吸附量,对常见的MCM-41分子筛进行了过渡金属离子改性研究。通过镍离子交换实验,确定了改性条件,改性后的样品对乙烯的吸附行为发生改变。使用镍离子改性后的MCM-41在常温常压下对乙烯的最大吸附量为可达416cm3／g,约为商用颗粒活性炭的6倍,远高于其他文献的报道。吸附质的检测结果说明乙烯在其吸附过程中发生多聚反应,高碳数的直链烯烃为最终产物。CO原位红外吸附的引人证实经过热处理后,一价镍能在镍离子改性后的MCM-41样品中形成并成为乙烯聚合反应的活性中心。