LS系列硫磺回收催化剂工业装置使用总结

对比总结了LS系列催化剂的使用情况，结果表明，在一级转化器均装填LS-931Al2O3基催化剂的前提下，二级转化器上部装填LS－971脱氧保护型催化剂，下部装填LS－811Al2O3催化剂后，与单纯使用LS－931催化剂相比，单器转化率由64．1％提高到70．1％，有机硫水解率由96％提高到接近100％，两项合计使装置总硫转化率由95．1％提高到96．2％，若与两个转化器全部使用LS－811催化剂相比，则装置总硫转化率可由94．49％提高到96．2％使用效果更加显著。     

水资源开发利用与区域经济协调管理的一种交互式模式

本文据大系统多级递阶优化控制理论，将水资源系统分解成地面水资源系统与地下水资源系统。在地面水系统中，给出了多目标开发利用管理模型；在地下水系统中，提出了地下水资源开发利用经济管理模型。区域经济涉及区域内的各种工农业和城镇生活用水部门──用水系统。对该用水系统提出了分解──协调优化管理模型。据水资源开发利用和用水系统的特点，在最高级设置总协调器来协调水资源开发利用系统与用水系统，进而提出了水资源开发利用与区域经济协调管理的一种交互式模式。     

δ~(15)N和δ~(18)O指标识别环境中N_2O生成机理

δ15N和δ18O指标在识别环境N2 O生成机理中具有重要的作用。本文主要讨论δ15N指标在识别海洋、土壤和污染水体N2 O生成机理中的作用 ;分析硝化和反硝化作用引起的同位素分馏特征 ;并对δ18O指标的应用进行了探讨。     

长江中下游铜矿集中区地层、岩相、古地理控制条件

长江中下游地区铜、铁、金多金属矿床的形成和分布格局明显受特定的层位、岩性、岩相和古地理环境控制．矿床主要赋存于上石炭统黄龙组、下二叠栖霞组、下、中三叠统大冶群和东马鞍山组．而以上石炭统和下、中三叠统为最主要．主矿体都于碎屑岩相向联酸盐岩相或碳酸盐岩相向碎屑岩相的过度部位．上石炭统的矿床多数在碳酸盐浅滩相与泻湖相和浅水盆地相交接处．下、中三叠统的矿床主要分布于浅滩相与泻湖和泻湖相与交接部位．区内晚石炭世威宁期和早、中三叠世奥伦尼期（鄂东南地区）及安尼锡期（苏皖区）广泛形成的白云岩及蒸发岩沉积．与金属矿床的形成和定位关系密切．特别是膏盐层对燕中期岩浆热液的演化与成矿可能有重要作用。     

武山铜矿层状含铜黄铁矿矿体锶同位素地球化学特征及矿床成因

武山铜矿层状含铜黄铁矿矿体与花岗闪长斑岩具有完全不同的Sr同位素组成。层状矿体中胶黄铁矿、黄铁矿的87Sr／86Sr比值变化于0．7117－0．7241之间，而花岗闪长斑岩中长石和磷灰石的87Sr／87Sr在0．7072-0．7099之间。表明二者具有不同的物质来源，层状矿体物质主要来自上地壳和地层。而花岗间长班岩则主要来自上地幔和下地壳。铅同位素组成表明层状矿体中的铅来自古生代地层。层状矿体硫化物的Rb－Sr等时线年龄为328±21Ma，87Sr／86Sr的初始值为0．7138，表明民状矿体矿石形成于石炭纪，成矿物质自上地壳；而花岗闪长班岩的Rb－Sr等时线年龄为140Ma，为燕山早期的产物。根据研究结果，并结合矿体地质特征等，我们认为武山层状含铜黄铁矿矿体为与海西期海底火山活动有关的喷气（热水）沉积矿床。     

全球N_2O年释放总量及各类源相对贡献率初步分析

根据国际上最近确定的全球N2 O各释放源及其释放量估算值 ,推算了全球N2 O年释放总量及各类源的相对贡献率。得出全球N2 O年释放总量约 1 4 .7TgN2 O -N ,其中自然源和人为源分别占 57%和 4 3 %。年释放总量中N的生物地球化学过程约贡献92 %、非生物作用过程仅贡献 8% ;与土壤有关的释放源约贡献 70 %、农业土壤贡献2 0 %。控制土壤尤其是农业土壤和热带森林土壤的N2 O释放量是控制全球大气N2 O浓度上升的关键     

Assessment of sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soil and production of seed oil and seed meal for human and animal consumption

Phytoremediation is a valuable technology for mitigating soil contamination in agricultural lands, but phytoremediation without economic revenue is unfeasible for land owners and farmers. The use of crops with high biomass and bioenergy for phytoremediation is a unique strategy to derive supplementary benefits along with remediation activities. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a high-biomass crop that can be used for the phytoremediation of polluted lands with additional advantages (biomass and oil). In this study, 40 germplasms of sunflower were screened in field conditions for phytoremediation with the possibility for oil and meal production. The study was carried out to the physiological maturity stage. All studied germplasms mopped up substantial concentrations of Pb, with maximum amounts in shoot?>?root?>?seed respectively. The phytoextraction efficiency of the germplasm was assessed in terms of the Transfer factor (TF), Metal removal efficiency (MRE) and Metal extraction ratio (MER). Among all assessed criteria, GP.8585 was found to be most appropriate for restoring moderately Pb-contaminated soil accompanied with providing high biomass and high yield production. The Pb content in the oil of GP.8585 was below the Food safety standard of China, with 59.5% oleic acid and 32.1% linoleic acid. Moreover, amino acid analysis in meal illustrated significant differences among essential and non-essential amino acids. Glutamic acid was found in the highest percentage (22.4%), whereas cysteine in the lowest percentage (1.3%). Therefore, its efficient phytoextraction ability and good quality edible oil and meal production makes GP.8585 the most convenient sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of moderately Pb-contaminated soil, with fringe benefits to farmers and landowners.     

施加生物炭对河流沿岸土吸附铜的影响机制

为探究生物炭施加对河流沿岸土吸附铜的影响机制,采集嘉陵江流域(川渝段)内苍溪(CX)、南部(NB)、嘉陵(JL)和合川(HC)沿岸土表层(S,0～20 cm)、亚表层(D,20～40 cm)共8种土样,分别将1%(质量比)生物炭(B)加入到8种土样中形成混合土样(CX_(SB)、NB_(SB)、JL_(SB)和HC_(SB); CX_(DB)、NB_(DB)、JL_(DB)和HC_(DB))。以原始土样作为对照,批处理法研究各供试土样在不同温度、pH和离子强度下的Cu~(2+)吸附和热力学特征,并分析Cu的吸附形态。结果显示:(1)各供试土样对Cu~(2+)的等温吸附都适用Langmuir模型描述,Cu~(2+)的最大吸附量q_m在62. 20～363. 64 mmol/kg之间,S层土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附量均呈现JL NB CXHC的趋势,而D层土样呈现JL CX NB HC的趋势。施加生物炭有助于增强D层土壤对Cu~(2+)的吸附。(2) 20～40℃范围内,各供试土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附量均随温度的升高而升高,表现为增温正效应。热力学参数结果表明各混合土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附是一个自发、吸热和熵增的过程。(3) pH的升高有利于各供试土样对Cu~(2+)的吸附。随着离子强度的增加,各混合土样(HC_S和HC_D除外)对Cu~(2+)的吸附量均呈现先增后降的趋势,0. 1 mol/L时最大。(4)土样中吸附的铜主要以碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态铜存在,生物炭的施加增加了土样中可交换态(HC除外)和有机结合态铜含量,而对碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态铜影响较小。供试土样对Cu~(2+)的q_m主要是由CEC和比表面积决定的。     

Distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the whole blood of typical meat animals

The concentrations and distribution of polychlorinated naphthalenes(PCNs) in the whole blood of eight typical terrestrial meat animals(chicken, duck, rabbit, pig, cattle, sheep,horse and donkey) consumed daily in our life were investigated. The total concentrations(on a liquid volume basis) of PCNs were in a range from 305 to 987 pg/L. Donkey blood contained the highest PCN concentrations. Mono-CNs were the dominant homolog group,accounting for 38%–71% PCNs. Apart from the mono-CNs and tri-CNs homolog groups, two hepta-CNs(mean: 9.5%) contributed most, followed by tetra-CNs(mean: 6.5%). The congeners CN1, 5/7, 24/14, 27/30, 52/60, 66/67, and 73 were the most abundant congeners or congener groups. The highest toxicity equivalencies(TEQs) were observed in cattle blood(117.4 fg TEQ/L) then chicken blood(117.1 fg TEQ/L). CN73 contributed 65% to total TEQs,followed by CN70(20%) and CN66/67(14%). The dietary intakes of PCNs were also estimated.Chicken meat, which forms the second largest component of meat product consumption in China, contributed most to the total TEQs(61%), followed by beef(27%) and pork(5.9%). The consumption of chicken might pose the highest risk from exposure to PCNs than other types of meat to populations who prefer to eat chicken meat.     

一株耐盐高效苯酚降解菌的筛选、鉴定、响应面法优化与降酚动力学研究

从海利(常德)有限公司污水处理池水样中分离得到1株耐盐高效苯酚降解菌,该菌可在盐度1%~8%、p H4.0~10.0、温度15~40℃条件下以苯酚为唯一碳源生长,命名为zht I.通过形态特征、生理生化反应、16S r DNA鉴定和BLAST序列比对构建系统发育树,确定菌株zht I为一株不动杆菌Acinetobacter guillouiae;利用Plackett-Burman实验确定葡萄糖浓度、苯酚浓度、p H值为影响菌株zht I降解苯酚的主要因素;采用中心组合实验设计,结合Box-Behnken实验设计及响应面法分析,确定菌株zht I在苯酚浓度801.6 mg·L~(-1)、葡萄糖浓度5.56%、p H值7.3、接种量6%、温度30℃、盐度3%条件下培养72 h,菌株zht I对苯酚的降解率达到93.23%.经降解动力学研究发现菌株zht I对苯酚的最大耐受浓度为1700 mg·L~(-1),菌株zht I降解苯酚的动力学模型符合典型的底物抑制模型,降酚动力学参数为:μmax=2.142 h~(-1),KS=126.952 mg·L~(-1),Ki=476.191 mg·L~(-1).