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21.
Hye-Jin Kim Kyung-Suk Cho Mark N. Goltz Jee-Hyeong Khim Jae Young Kim 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):1237-1244
ABSTRACT To test the possible use of composted food waste and wastewater sludge as biofilters to treat gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs), batch experiments were conducted with an isolated strain that could degrade aromatic compounds under aerobic conditions. A benzene and trichloroethylene (TCE) mixture was used as the gas-phase pollutant in experiments with composted food waste, sludge, and soil. Under aerobic conditions, benzene was degraded as a primary substrate and TCE was degraded cometabolically, with water contents varying from 6 to 60% (volume of water added/volume of solid). Optimal water content for VOC removal was 12% for the soil, 36% for the composted food waste, and 48% for the sludge. The extent of VOC sorption and biodegradation at the optimal water content was different for each material. With the same initial VOC concentration, more VOCs were removed by sorption onto the composted food waste and the sludge, while less VOCs were biodegraded in comparison with the results using soil. The reason the biodegradation in the soil was greater may be partly attributed to the fact that, due to less sorption, the aqueous-phase concentration of VOCs, which microorganisms could utilize as a carbon source or cometabolize, was higher. We also speculate that the distribution of microorganisms in each medium affects the rate of biodegradation. A large number of microorganisms were attached to the composted food waste and sludge. Mass transfer of VOCs and oxygen to these microorganisms, which appear to have been heterogeneously distributed in clusters, may have been limited, resulting in hindered biodegradation. 相似文献
22.
Francisco Olivera Milver Valenzuela R. Srinivasan Janghwoan Choi Hiudae Cho Srikanth Koka Ashish Agrawal 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2006,42(2):295-309
This paper presents ArcGIS‐SWAT, a geodata model and geographic information system (GIS) interface for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The ArcGIS‐SWAT data model is a system of geodatabases that store SWAT geographic, numeric, and text input data and results in an organized fashion. Thus, it is proposed that a single and comprehensive geodatabase be used as the repository of a SWAT simulation. The ArcGIS‐SWAT interface uses programming objects that conform to the Component Object Model (COM) design standard, which facilitate the use of functionality of other Windows‐based applications within ArcGIS‐SWAT. In particular, the use of MS Excel and MATLAB functionality for data analysis and visualization of results is demonstrated. Likewise, it is proposed to conduct hydrologic model integration through the sharing of information with a not‐model‐specific hub data model where information common to different models can be stored and from which it can be retrieved. As an example, it is demonstrated how the Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) ‐ a computer application for flood analysis ‐ can use information originally developed by ArcGIS‐SWAT for SWAT. The application of ArcGIS‐SWAT to the Seco Creek watershed in Texas is presented. 相似文献
23.
Estimation of internal radiation dose to the adult Asian population from the dietary intakes of two long-lived radionuclides 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Iyengar GV Kawamura H Dang HS Parr RM Wang JW Akhter P Cho SY Natera E Miah FK Nguyen MS 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2004,77(3):221-232
Daily dietary intakes of two naturally occurring long-lived radionuclides, 232Th and 238U, were estimated for the adult population living in a number of Asian countries, using highly sensitive analytical methods such as instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis (INAA and RNAA), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Asian countries that participated in the study were Bangladesh (BGD), China (CPR), India (IND), Japan (JPN), Pakistan (PAK), Philippines (PHI), Republic of Korea (ROK) and Vietnam (VIE). Altogether, these countries represent more than 50% of the world population. The median daily intakes of 232Th ranged between 0.6 and 14.4 mBq, the lowest being for Philippines and the highest for Bangladesh, and daily intakes of 238U ranged between 6.7 and 62.5 mBq, lowest and the highest being for India and China, respectively. The Asian median intakes were obtained as 4.2 mBq for 232Th and 12.7 mBq for 238U. Although the Asian intakes were lower than intakes of 12.3 mBq (3.0 ug) 232Th and 23.6 mBq (1.9 ug) 238U proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) for the ICRP Reference Man, they were comparable to the global intake values of 4.6 mBq 232Th and 15.6 mBq 238U proposed by the United Nation Scientific Commission on Effects of Radiation (UNSCEAR). The annual committed effective doses to Asian population from the dietary intake of 232Th and 238U were calculated to be 0.34 and 0.20 microSv, respectively, which are three orders of magnitude lower than the global average annual radiation dose of 2400 microSv to man from the natural radiation sources as proposed by UNSCEAR. 相似文献
24.
Ammonia (NH3) removal efficencies were evaluated when hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and NH3 in binary mixture gases were supplied to a ceramic biofilter seeded with earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) casts. The effect of inlet H2S concentration and space velocity (SV) on the removal of NH3 was investigated after the acclimation of the biofilter with NH3 gas. When NH3 was singly supplied to the biofilter, NH3 removal was maintained at almost 100% until inlet NH3 concentration was increased up to 600 microL L(-1) and SV up to 330 h(-1), at which the elimination capacity of NH3 was 148 g N m(-3) h(-1). When H2S was supplied simultaneously, however, the accumulation of toxic sulfide ions showed dual effects on NH3 removal efficiencies. First, no effects were observed at inlet H2S loading below 60 g S m(-3) h(-1); however, inhibition by H2S at higher loading was observed above 60 g S m(-3) h(-1). The point at which loading achieved a maximum of more than 99% NH3 removal efficiency was 139 g N m(-3) h(-1), when inlet H2S concentration was held under 100 microL L(-1), but it dropped to 76 and 30 g N m(-3) h(-1) when the inlet H2S concentration increased to 220 and 460 microL L(-1), respectively. The critical points of inlet H2S loading that guaranteed over 99% NH3 removal were determined as 100, 100, 60, and 40 g S m(-3) h(-1) at inlet NH3 concentrations of 100, 200, 400, and 600 microL L(-1), respectively. Inlet NH3 loading had synergic effects of increasing the inhibition of inlet H2S loading on the NH3 removability of the biofilter. 相似文献
25.
Status of recycling end-of-life vehicles and efforts to reduce automobile shredder residues in Korea
Hyun-Tae Joung Sung-Jin Cho Yong-Chil Seo Woo-Hyun Kim 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(2):159-166
The present end-of-life vehicle (ELV) recycle rate and management status during the dismantling stage were investigated to
aid the establishment of policies for the management of ELVs by surveying information and using the results gained from questionnaires
given to dismantlers. The average recycle rate at the dismantling stage was 44% of the mass of a new vehicle and the rest
of the ELV was then compressed and transported to shredding companies to recover mainly the iron content, which averaged 38.7%
of the mass of a new vehicle. Nonferrous metals such as copper, antimony, zinc, and aluminum accounted for only 1.5%. The
automobile shredder residues (ASRs) were composed of light and heavy fluffs and soil/dust and amounted to 15.8% based on the
mass of a new vehicle. The dumping of fluff and inorganic residues in landfill sites, however, will be restricted when new
regulations are implemented to reduce the disposal amount to less than 5% of a new car, as has been done in European countries
and in Japan. The detailed characteristics of ASR were investigated to suggest appropriate means of treatment such as volume
reduction or the utilization of thermal technologies to meet future expected enforcement. Also, some concerns on hazardous
pollutant release such as that of dioxins while utilizing such thermal treatment methods were considered. The present on-going
research and development projects to meet such future management targets are also introduced. 相似文献
26.
27.
Dong Yun Ha Soon Haing Cho Young Kwon Kim Solomon W Leung 《Water environment research》2008,80(8):748-756
This study provides biodegradability of organics in leachate according to their molecular mass distributions (<0.5, 0.5 to 1, 1 to 3, 10, and >10 KDa). Organics with molecular mass values lower than 0.5 KDa were the predominant species in the raw leachate filtrate, and the aerated lagoon process was very effective in treating these highly biodegradable organics; the Fenton's oxidation process was very effective in treating not-so-biodegradable organics with molecular mass values higher than 0.5 KDa, but a portion of these organics were converted into organics <0.5 KDa after Fenton's oxidation. An oxygen uptake measurement using a respirometer was more sensitive than a conventional biochemical oxygen demand measurement to evaluate bioactivities, especially when bioactivities were low. 相似文献
28.
29.
The blue mussel Mytilus edulis is one of the dominant fouling organisms in cooling water systems. In this work, how veliger larvae and different size groups of the mussels responded against chlorine dosage was examined. Veliger larvae mortality was studied at different residual chlorine concentrations (0.05–0.5 mg L?1), and it was found that a chlorine dose of 0.5 mg L?1 is 4 times as effective as 0.05 mg L?1 and twice as effective as 0.1 mg L?1. Mortality of 100% for three size groups (1.4, 14, and 25 mm) and relative physiological activities of two size groups (14 and 25 mm) were observed. The exposure duration for 100% mortality of mussels decreased with the increasing residual chlorine concentration (0.1–4.0 mg L?1). Mussel size was also found to be an important factor, considering that the continuation times for mussel mortality were 28 h for the 1.4 mm and 410 h for the 25 mm size groups. All size groups showed progressive reduction in physiological activities, such as oxygen consumption, foot activity, and byssus thread production with increasing chlorine dose (0.05–1.0 mg L?1); the two data-sets were strongly correlated with each other. The results of this study should be of significance for optimizing the chlorine content, and minimize the environmental threat to industries where mussels are the dominant fouling organisms. 相似文献
30.
Hong Guo Kwanho Jeong Jiyeon Lim Jeongwon Jo Young Mo Kim Jong-pyo Park Joon Ha Kim Kyung Hwa Cho 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,27(6):90-101
Of growing amount of food waste, the integrated food waste and waste water treatment was regarded as one of the efficient modeling method. However, the load of food waste to the conventional waste treatment process might lead to the high concentration of total nitrogen(T-N) impact on the effluent water quality. The objective of this study is to establish two machine learning models—artificial neural networks(ANNs) and support vector machines(SVMs), in order to predict 1-day interval T-N concentration of effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in Ulsan, Korea. Daily water quality data and meteorological data were used and the performance of both models was evaluated in terms of the coefficient of determination(R~2), Nash–Sutcliff efficiency(NSE), relative efficiency criteria(d rel). Additionally, Latin-Hypercube one-factor-at-a-time(LH-OAT) and a pattern search algorithm were applied to sensitivity analysis and model parameter optimization, respectively. Results showed that both models could be effectively applied to the 1-day interval prediction of T-N concentration of effluent. SVM model showed a higher prediction accuracy in the training stage and similar result in the validation stage.However, the sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the ANN model was a superior model for 1-day interval T-N concentration prediction in terms of the cause-and-effect relationship between T-N concentration and modeling input values to integrated food waste and waste water treatment. This study suggested the efficient and robust nonlinear time-series modeling method for an early prediction of the water quality of integrated food waste and waste water treatment process. 相似文献