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251.
Javier Carrillo-Hermosilla Pablo del Río Totti Könnölä 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(10-11):1073-1083
An analytical framework is developed in this paper in order to explore the diversity of eco-innovations according to several key dimensions (design, user, product service and governance). The framework is used to analyse a set of case studies of eco-innnovation processes. The diversity of the analysed eco-innovations appears to be considerable; each of them involves different kinds of combinations of elements pertaining to those dimensions. Albeit the design dimension is decisive to determine the environmental impacts of the innovation, all dimensions can play a significant role in the management of eco-innovation. Our findings suggest that the capacity of eco-innovations to provide new business opportunities and contribute to the transformation towards a sustainable society depends on the interplay of those dimensions and the engagement of key stakeholders in the innovation process. 相似文献
252.
253.
Susana García Herrero Miguel Ángel Mariscal Saldaña Javier García Rodriguez Dale O. Ritzel 《Journal of Safety Research》2012,43(5-6):365-374
IntroductionOccupational stress is a common phenomenon in our society, and generates problems for both workers' health and the functioning of organizations. Over past decades numerous studies have examined occupational stress from the perspective of gender, offering somewhat contradictory results. Some of them found no differences and others indicated that either men or women suffer from greater amounts of occupational stress.MethodThe purpose of this study was to analyze gender differences in stress in situations that involve certain occupational demands. The data used were taken from a random sample population of 11,054 (5,917 men and 5,137 women) from the VI National Survey on Working Conditions (NSWC) which was conducted in Spain in 2007. To carry out this study, a probabilistic model was constructed using Bayesian networks, with the following variables related to task demands: working with tight deadlines, quick work, intellectually demanding work, complicated tasks, repetitive tasks, excessive work, and work demanding high attention levels.ResultsThe results of this study reveal that: the indicators studied significantly increased stress levels; women initially had higher stress levels than men; and when exposed to determined task demands, stress differences between genders tended to increase.Impact on IndustryCompanies need to consider the gender of their workers when assigning tasks in high demand/stress jobs. 相似文献
254.
Javier Páramo-Vargas Silvia Gutiérrez Granados M. I. Maldonado-Rubio Juan M. Peralta-Hernández 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(1):149-154
Meat industries produce effluents containing high concentrations of organic and inorganic compounds, which must be removed before being discharged or reused. Advanced oxidation processes using Fenton reaction coupled with UV, solar radiation, and electrochemical oxidation are promising methods. Here, we treated the effluent from an anaerobic digester using: (a) the photoelectro-Fenton process, using a system with a Ti-RuO2 anode and a carbon felt cathode, (b) the solar photo-Fenton process, using a batch reactor and a compound parabolic collector, and (c) a combination of Fenton and solar photo-Fenton processes. The effluent had an initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1159 mgL?1, and we obtained high removal efficiencies of COD, up to 95 %, using the combination of Fenton and solar photo-Fenton processes. 相似文献
255.
256.
Tracking the evolution of research in waste recycling science (WRS) can be valuable for environmental agencies, as well as for recycling businesses. Maps of science are visual, easily readable representations of the cognitive structure of a branch of science, a particular area of research or the global spectrum of scientific production. They are generally built upon evidence collected from reliable sources of information, such as patent and scientific publication databases. This study uses the methodology developed by Rafols et al. (2010) to make a "double overlay map" of WRS upon a basemap reflecting the cognitive structure of all journal-published science, for the years 2005 and 2010. The analysis has taken into account the cognitive areas where WRS articles are published and the areas from where it takes its intellectual nourishing, paying special attention to the growing trends of the key areas. Interpretation of results lead to the conclusion that extraction of energy from waste will probably be an important research topic in the future, along with developments in general chemistry and chemical engineering oriented to the recovery of valuable materials from waste. Agricultural and material sciences, together with the combined economics, politics and geography field, are areas with which WRS shows a relevant and ever increasing cognitive relationship. 相似文献
257.
Jay Willis John Phillips Rachel Muheim Francisco Javier Diego-Rasilla Alistair J. Hobday 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,64(1):57-68
Tunas make sharp descents and ascents around dawn and dusk called spike dives. We examine spike dives of 21 southern bluefin
tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) implanted with archival tags in the Great Australian Bight. Using a new way to categorize this behavior, we show that spike
dives are similar among all the fish in the study. The dive profiles are mirror images at dawn and dusk and are precisely
timed with respect to sunrise and sunset. We analyze the possible reasons for spike dives, considering the timing of spike
dives, the characteristic dive profile, and the tuna's magnetic habitat. In addition, we present anatomical evidence for elaboration
of the pineal organ, which is light mediated and has been implicated in navigation in other vertebrates. The new evidence
presented here leads us to suspect that spike dives represent a survey related to navigation. 相似文献
258.
Alonso J. Rodríguez Benítez César Álvarez Díaz Andrés García Gómez Javier García-Alba 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2018,18(5):1227-1256
The present paper addresses defining the extent of the mixing zones of effluents discharged into rivers, which is a problem that should be analyzed based on probabilistic terms, as it is governed by several random processes. A river’s flow regime is one of the main variables, and it has a high dependence on hydrological processes. Additionally, after calculating the extent of the mixing zone, it is necessary to determine if the resulting dimensions are admissible or not. Common practice includes the admissibility criteria associated with the geometry of the river. However, this practice does not consider the environmental characteristics of the river that make it capable of absorbing the impact of the effluent (the biological and hydromorphological status of the river and the presence of structures that can change the river flow conditions, ecologically sensitive area or threatened species). This paper presents work on two important topics: on the one hand, the development of a methodology to establish the admissible extent of the mixing zone as a function of the environmental vulnerability of the river to the discharged effluent and, on the other hand, the proposal of a procedure to perform the calculations of the effluent mixing considering the variability of the river’s flow regime. The proposed methodological approaches are illustrated with an application to a real case, including a numerical simulation of the hydrodynamic and effluent evolution of the river during a year, to test the proposed methodology’s suitability and demonstrate the important savings in computational effort that can be achieved. 相似文献
259.
Influence of nutrients in the feeding ecology of seagrass (Posidonia oceanica L.) consumers: a stable isotopes approach 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Nitrogen inputs to coastal environments can considerably alter the abundance of primary producers. However, how herbivores
modify their trophic signatures and adjust to changes in food resource conditions remains controversial. Here, we assess the
effect of nutrient availability on the diet shifts of the two main Mediterranean herbivores, the Sparid fish Sarpa salpa L. and the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lmk.) that feed mostly on the seagrass Posidonia oceanica L. (Delile), epiphytes and benthic macroalgae. To do this, we (1) investigate the patterns of isotopic composition (δ13C and δ15N signatures) of the two herbivores and their potential food sources in three areas of contrasting nutrient conditions and,
(2) we assess the diet shift along this nutrient gradient by estimating the isotopic nutrient enrichment (i.e., the contribution
of δ13C and δ15N signatures in consumers’ tissues relative to potential food sources). Food web signatures of δ13C were similar among the three study sites, and no patterns of δ13C shift were observed in their diets. In contrast, there was a consistent increase in N contents and δ15N along the nutrient gradient for all primary producers and their consumers. The rate of δ15N enrichment was also clearly distinctive between the two herbivores: in P. lividus it increased by 61% along the nutrient gradient, while in S. salpa it remained constant. Our results suggest that sea urchins behave as facultative omnivores and feed on vegetable or mixed
diets depending on the trophic status of the system. It is unclear, however, if this modification is behavioral or the consequence
of mere changes in the availability of food items, as animal epiphytes (e.g., hydrozoans, bryozoans and ascidians) can also
became more abundant on seagrass leaves under increased nutrient conditions. In contrast, adult fish appear to feed on vegetal
material independent of nutrient availability in the ecosystem. 相似文献
260.
Patricia Prado Catherine J. Collier Javier Romero Teresa Alcoverro 《Marine Biology》2011,158(7):1473-1482
Herbivory is now recognized as an important structuring agent in seagrass meadows but the attack pattern and tissue damage
of consumers are highly variable. Nutritional preferences of herbivores and/or easy access to resources may cause differences
in biomass loss among tissues that damage the plant in functionally distinctive ways. The two main Mediterranean herbivores,
the fish Sarpa salpa (L.) and the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus (Lmk.), remove higher amounts of intermediate and external shoot leaves, respectively. To test whether this selective feeding
can have different consequences on the allocation patterns of nutrient within plants, we simulated the effect of both herbivores
by clipping external and intermediate leaves (plus unclipped controls) of Posidonia oceanica (L.) and we measured plant tolerance in terms of shoot growth and leaf nutrient supply to new tissue using isotopic markers.
As expected, control treatments displayed high carbon and nutrient supply from external leaves (83% of the total 15N and 84% of the total 13C incorporated by the shoot). When subjected to clipping, the remaining leaves enhanced carbon and nitrogen supply compared
with the control by 16% of N and 36% of C—in the intermediate clipping—and by over 100% of N and 200% of C—in the external
clipping—to compensate for the nutrient lost. However, only in the case of fish herbivory (intermediate clipping), enhanced
supply alone was able to fully compensate for the nutrient losses. In contrast, this mechanism is not completely effective
when external leaves are clipped (urchin herbivory). Yet, the consequences of this nutrient loss under sea urchin herbivory
are not apparent from the nutrient content of the new tissue, suggesting that there are other sources of nitrogen income (uptake
or reallocation from rhizomes). Our study does not only confirm the tolerance of P. oceanica to herbivory, but also constitutes the first evidence of leaf-specific, compensatory nutrient supply in seagrasses. 相似文献