南京市两次秋季污染过程及成因分析

为探究南京秋季污染过程的特征和影响因素,利用MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)传感器获得的气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth)、波长指数(Angstrom Exponent)、火点数据及CALIPSO(Cloud-Aerosol Lidar And Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations)卫星数据和来自NECP、MICAPS的温度、相对湿度、风向风速等常规气象要素数据,对南京2015年10月、2016年9月两次污染过程进行分析.研究结果表明:两次污染过程的AE412-470值(埃斯特朗波长指数α)均高于1,由此判断两次污染均以人为排放产生的细粒子为主.但2015年10月的AE412-470值明显低于2016年9月,说明在2015年10月污染过程中粗粒子所占比重高于2016年9月.结合对后向轨迹的分析发现,南京地区2015年10月污染天气的发生还受长距离输送的影响,污染源主要为来自内蒙古、山西等地的污染型沙尘粒子.研究还发现,较高的相对湿度、较低的地表风速、低混合层高度及贴地逆温等气象条件会导致污染物难以扩散稀释而累积在南京地区,造成该区域在秋季出现较严重的污染天气.     

Spatial and temporal variation of haze in China from 1961 to 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the climatic characteristics and long-term spatial and temporal variations of haze occurrence in China. The impact factors of haze trends are also discussed. Meteorological data from 1961 to 2012 and daily PM₁₀ concentrations from 2003 to 2012 were employed in this study. The results indicate that the annual-average hazy days at all stations have been increasing rapidly from 4 days in 1961 to 18 days in 2012. The maximum number of haze days occur in winter (41.1%) while the minimum occur in summer (10.4%). During 1961-2012, the high occurrence areas of haze shifted from central to south and east regions of China. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji) region, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Henan Province are the high occurrence areas for haze, while the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) have become regions with high haze occurrences in the last 25 years. Temperature and pressure are positively correlated with the number of haze days. However, wind, relative humidity, precipitation, and sunshine duration are negatively correlated with the number of haze days. The key meteorological factors affecting the formation and dissipation of haze vary for high and low altitudes, and are closely related to anthropogenic activities. In recent years, anthropogenic activities have played a more important role in haze occurrences compared with meteorological factors.     

广东省农村民居地震安全示范工程实施现状分析

结合广东各地农村经济发展状况和民居特点,简要阐述了全省地震安全农居示范工程实施基础,较系统地介绍了当前示范工程实施情况,对存在的不足和工作难点进行了比较深入的分析和科学总结,并提出行之有效的解决方案。     

Elemental composition of Tibetan Plateau top soils and its effect on evaluating atmospheric pollution transport

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is an ideal place for monitoring the atmospheric environment of low to mid latitudes. In total 54 soil samples from the western TP were analyzed for major and trace elements. Results indicate that concentrations of some typical “pollution” elements (such as As) are naturally high here, which may cause incorrect evaluation for the source region of these elements, especially when upper continental crust values are used to calculate enrichment factors. Because only particles <20 μm are transportable as long distances, elemental concentrations of this fraction of the TP soils are more reliable for the future aerosol related studies over the TP. In addition, REE compositions of the TP soils are unusual, highly characteristic and can be used as an effective index for identifying dust aerosol from the TP.     

Estimation of potential quantity and value of used and in-use stocks of urban mines in Korea

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The urban mine industry plays an essential role in environmental sustainability to minimize the creation of landfills and to maximize the reuse of...     

An improved graph convolutional network with feature and temporal attention for multivariate water quality prediction

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The analysis and prediction of water quality are of great significance to water quality management and pollution control. In general, current water...     

反馈环断裂下的安全知识积累与扩散仿真研究

为了研究个体死亡引发反馈环断裂对安全知识积累和扩散的影响，采用元胞自动机方法，构建了多层次、多状态、多行为的安全知识积累和扩散演化模型。然后运用交替变量控制法进行仿真实验，获取605组数据，并对所得数据进行层次回归分析。研究结果表明:个体死亡会阻碍安全知识积累且会加剧个体间知识差异，同时事故率的增加会提高知识积累机会和个体死亡机会，产生复杂的双向对冲效应；替代者知识水平能够对安全知识积累和扩散产生较大的正向影响，并能削弱个体死亡的负向影响；事故见证者的增加也能够产生一定的正向影响。据此提出“数量型死亡悖论”，并指出促进安全知识积累和扩散的重点方向。     

Wavelet characterization of eucalypt flowering and the influence of climate

More robust statistical methods are required for examining phenological time series as they are often noisy and non-stationary. Wavelet analytic methods easily handle such data. A maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) analysis of flowering records (1940–1970) of Eucalyptus tricarpa, E. leucoxylon, E. microcarpa and E. polyanthemos identified four subcomponents in each flowering series: characterized as a non-flowering phase, duration, annual and intensity cycles. A decreasing overall trend in flowering was identified by the MODWT smoothed series. Wavelet correlation found the same contemporaneous effects of climate on flowering for Eucalyptus tricarpa and E. leucoxylon, and for E. microcarpa and E. polyanthemos. Wavelet cross-correlation analysis identified the cyclical influence of temperature and rainfall on peak flowering intensity (P < 0.0001). For each species there are 6 months of the annual cycle in which any given climate variable positively influences flowering intensity and 6 months of negative influence. For all species, rainfall exerts a negative influence when temperature is positive.     

不同耕作方式对稻田净增温潜势和温室气体强度的影响

免耕技术近年来在南方稻区被广泛推广应用,但该项技术是否有利于减缓稻田综合温室效应目前并不清楚.因此,本文以双季稻-紫云英为研究对象,利用静态箱-气相色谱法分别研究不同耕作方式对稻田CH4和N2O排放、双季稻产量、土壤固碳、稻田净综合增温潜势(GWP)和温室气体强度(GHGI)的影响.试验处理包括常规翻耕(CT)、旋耕(RT)和免耕(NT).结果表明,稻田周年CH4累积排放量为233.5~404.0kg·hm-2·a-1,NT和RT处理分别比CT增加73.1%和35.1%.晚稻生长季CH4排放量占周年CH4排放量的53.7%~66.5%,其中,晚稻移栽至烤田期间CH4累积排放通量占晚稻季排放总量的77.0%~81.3%.稻田N2O累积排放量为4.00~4.82 kg·hm-2·a-1(以N计),但各处理之间没有显著差异.稻田年固碳量为0.36~1.31 t·hm-2·a-1(以C计),其中,NT处理比CT和RT处理分别增加148.4%和261.0%.双季稻周年产量为15.2~17.1 t·hm-2,耕作方式对产量没有显著影响.稻田净GWP为5095.4~7788 kg·hm-2(以CO2当量计),其中,RT和NT处理分别比CT增加52.8%和32.2%.稻田GHGI为0.30~0.46 kg·kg-1(以每kg粮食产量产生的CO2当量计),其中,RT和NT处理分别显著高于CT处理50.1%和45.3%.综上所述,免耕在短期内会增加稻田温室效应,但可以促进土壤固碳量的显著增加,因此,其固碳减排的长期效应还有待观测.