挖掘机驾驶舱噪声有限元仿真分析

建立了挖掘机驾驶舱有限元的结构和声学耦合模型,分别考虑了驾驶舱内吸声材料及门板孔缝对车厢内噪声的影响,利用ACTRAN软件的直接频响方法计算出驾驶员耳旁噪声及驾驶舱内的声场分布,并对不同的结果进行了对比。该方法及结果对挖掘机驾驶舱的降噪具有实际的参考意义。     

珠穆朗玛峰地区新降雪的化学特征

根据1998年8、9月份在珠穆朗玛峰东侧东绒布冰川源头所采集的新降雪样的化学成分资料并与不同时期前人在该地区采集的降水样进行对比,初步探讨了该地区降水的化学特征及其气候环境意义.结果表明,珠峰地区夏末降水非常纯净,主要离子浓度可与南极和格陵兰地区相当,代表了全球偏远地区的大气环境本底值;珠峰地区不同季节降水的化学成分有明显的差异,反映了不同的水汽来源和气候状况.8～9月的水汽主要来源于南亚季风;4～5月的降水深受中亚干旱、半干旱区粉尘的影响,说明其降水的化学特征具有气候敏感性.     

Chemical characterization of size-resolved aerosols in four seasons and hazy days in the megacity Beijing of China

Size-resolved aerosol samples were collected by MOUDI in four seasons in 2007 in Beijing. The PM10 and PM1.8mass concentrations were 166.0 ± 120.5 and 91.6 ± 69.7 μg/m~3, respectively,throughout the measurement, with seasonal variation: nearly two times higher in autumn than in summer and spring. Serious fine particle pollution occurred in winter with the PM1.8/PM10 ratio of 0.63, which was higher than other seasons. The size distribution of PM showed obvious seasonal and diurnal variation, with a smaller fine mode peak in spring and in the daytime. OM(organic matter = 1.6 × OC(organic carbon)) and SIA(secondary inorganic aerosol) were major components of fine particles, while OM, SIA and Ca_2+were major components in coarse particles. Moreover, secondary components, mainly SOA(secondary organic aerosol) and SIA,accounted for 46%–96% of each size bin in fine particles, which meant that secondary pollution existed all year. Sulfates and nitrates, primarily in the form of(NH_4)_2SO_4, NH_4NO_3, Ca SO_4, Na_2SO_4 and K_2SO_4, calculated by the model ISORROPIA II, were major components of the solid phase in fine particles. The PM concentration and size distribution were similar in the four seasons on non-haze days, while large differences occurred on haze days, which indicated seasonal variation of PM concentration and size distribution were dominated by haze days. The SIA concentrations and fractions of nearly all size bins were higher on haze days than on non-haze days, which was attributed to heterogeneous aqueous reactions on haze days in the four seasons.     

Effects of humic acid on phytodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil simultaneously contaminated with heavy metals

Effects of humic acid on phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil simultaneously contaminated with heavy metals were evaluated.     

青藏高原纳木错流域水体总汞的时空分布特征

为研究青藏高原纳木错流域水体中总汞的时空分布特征,于2007～2010年对纳木错湖表层水及入湖河水进行了采样,检测了其总汞浓度,并分析了总汞浓度与降水量、河水径流量等的关系.结果表明,纳木错表层湖水和河水中的总汞质量浓度均值分别为(1.09±0.73)ng.L-1和(2.87±2.59)ng.L-1,显著低于受到汞污染的水体.近岸带湖水的总汞浓度在季风期远大于非季风期,而其浓度水平和空间变化明显大于湖心区.河水的总汞浓度季节变化明显,表现为季风盛期最高且波动最大,而季风期后最低,这与降水量变化趋势基本一致.对你亚曲的定点观测表明,河水总汞浓度的时间变化与径流量一致.入湖河流总汞浓度的空间分布特征在不同的时间表现不同,这可能是由河流的流域面积、流域内土壤汞本底值及补给方式的差异引起的.     

菹草生长对沉积物间隙水中各形态磷浓度的影响

通过人工构建湖泊生态系统,用湖泊沉积物的上层泥和下层泥分别代表清淤前后的2种基质,研究菹草(Potamogeton crispus)生长对沉积物不同层次间隙水中各形态磷浓度的影响.垂直方向上,将2种基质中的间隙水分为表层、中层和底层3个层次.结果表明,菹草生长能够不同程度地降低各层间隙水中磷浓度,上层泥和下层泥2种基质均表现为表层间隙水溶解性总磷(DTP)和溶解性活性磷(SRP)含量降低幅度最大,DTP含量分别降低68.97％和83.09％,SRP含量分别降低54.57％和96.02％.菹草的吸收作用使得各层间隙水中磷浓度均低于无沉水植物的对照组.试验结束时,2种沉积物中TP含量降低幅度差异不显著,说明疏浚前后种植菹草均可有效控制湖泊内源磷污染.     

Dynamic pursuing ecological model concerning the nitrogen cycle in the environment of Chinese mainland

The paper gives a special dynamic pursuing ecological model on the bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen in the whole range 9.6 million square kilometers of Chinese mainland, basing on the reservoir-content and flux-rate of nitrogen and among the four spheres: atmosphere, pedosphere, biosphere, and hydrosphere, and the law of bio-geochemical cycle of nitrogen, the model predicted the size of reservoir capacities and fluxes of nitrogen in each sphere. Through tested and verified, the model was proven reasonable and reliable.     

Trace elements and rare earth elements in wet deposition of Lijiang, Mt. Yulong region, southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

In order to investigate the compositions and wet deposition fluxes of trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs) in the precipitation of the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, 38 precipitation samples were collected from March to August in 2012 in an urban site of Lijiang city in the Mt. Yulong region. The concentrations of most trace elements and REEs were higher during the non-monsoon season than during the monsoon season, indicating that the lower concentrations of trace elements and REEs observed during monsoon had been influenced by the dilution effect of increased precipitation. The concentrations of trace elements in the precipitation of Lijiang city were slightly higher than those observed in remote sites of the Tibetan Plateau but much lower than those observed in the metropolises of China, indicating that the atmospheric environment of Lijiang city was less influenced by anthropogenic emissions, and, as a consequence, the air quality was still relatively good. However, the results of enrichment factor and principal component analysis revealed that some anthropogenic activities (e.g., the increasing traffic emissions from the rapid development of tourism) were most likely important contributors to trace elements, while the regional/local crustal sources rather than anthropogenic activities were the predominant contributors to the REEs in the wet deposition of Lijiang city. Our study was relevant not only for assessing the current status of the atmospheric environment in the Mt. Yulong region, but also for specific management actions to be implemented for the control of atmospheric inputs and the health of the environment for the future.     

南京市居民生活垃圾调查及减量化分析

对南京市城区100户居民家庭生活垃圾进行了上门收集和调查分析,结果表明,9、10、11月份人均家庭生活垃圾产生量约为0．283k/人·天,其中10月份垃圾产生量最高约为0．329kr／人·天,11月份垃圾产生量最低约为0．249kg／人·天。日常生活垃圾中,厨余垃圾含量最高约占垃圾总量的66％左右;其次是塑料垃圾,约占垃圾总量的12％左右。通过采取适当的减量化干预措施后,居民家庭生活垃圾产生量可降低约1％-9％。     

鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)卵黄蛋白原的ELISA检测

采用Sephadex G-200柱层析从鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)成熟鱼卵中提取卵黄脂磷蛋白并制备抗卵黄脂磷蛋白抗血清.用DEAE-cellulose阴离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-300分子筛凝胶层析相结合的两步层析从经17b-雌二醇诱导的雌鱼血浆中提纯卵黄蛋白原.免疫印迹反应显示卵黄脂磷蛋白和卵黄蛋白原都与抗卵黄脂磷蛋白抗血清有特异的反应.以抗卵黄脂磷蛋白抗血清作为抗体,卵黄蛋白原作为竞争抗原建立了间接竞争法酶联免疫吸附反应(ELISA)方法来检测雄鱼血液中卵黄蛋白原含量.该方法可测的最低浓度为7.8ng/mL,工作范围为0.39~25mg/mL,批内和批间误差分别为6.5%和7.5%.