三级串联人工快渗系统处理高氨氮生活污水

以校园学生生活区高氨氮生活污水为研究对象,采用三级串联人工快渗系统研究其对污染物的去除效果。试验结果表明：三级串联人工快渗系统对COD、氨氮去除率较常规人工快渗系统分别提高了6%、3%,出水均满足GB18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物综合排放标准》一级A标准。总氮去除率提高了20%。C/N较低是影响提高总氮去除...     

Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass: A potential biosorbent for chromium ions removal

The Cr(III) sorption experiments onto Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass were conducted at different pH values (2–6) under the conditions of initial metal concentration of 10–50 mg/L and the chemical compositions of Cr-Cu and Cr-Cd. The Cr(III) sorption capacities were slightly dependent on pH, and the maximum sorption capacity was 0.86 mg/g at pH 3. The sorption capacities increased with increase in the initial metal concentration, whereas it was suppressed by the presence of Cu(II) and Cd(III) in the solution. The Cr(III) sorption equilibrium was evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich and BET isotherms. The sorption mechanisms were characterised using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The main mechanisms were ion exchange coupled with a complexation mechanism. Kappaphycus alvarezii waste biomass represents a potential for Cr(III) ion removal from aqueous solution.     

Fate of HTO following its acute soil deposition at different growth stages of Chinese cabbage

Lysimeter experiments were carried out in a greenhouse to study the fate of HTO following its soil deposition at different growth stages of Chinese cabbage. An HTO solution was applied to the surface of an acidic sandy soil at a time before, and four different times after, sowing. The transfer of HTO to the plants was quantified with the areal transfer factor (TFa, m2 kg(-1)-fresh) defined as the ratio of the plant concentration at harvest to the areal activity deposition. In the four post-sowing applications, the TFa values were in the ranges of 1.6 x 10(-5)-4.9 x 10(-3) for TFWT and 4.5 x 10(-6) -4.3 x 10(-5) for OBT, increasing with a decrease in the time interval between application and harvest. In the pre-sowing application, which was followed by a soil mixing, the TFa values for TFWT and OBT were 1.3 x 10(-4) and 8.6 x 10(-6), respectively. One week after harvest, soil samplings were made for the applications at 26 (A(26)) and 63d (A(63)) after sowing. Peaks of the depth profiles of the soil HTO appeared in the 10-15 cm layer for A(26) and the 5-10 cm layer for A(63). The top 30 cm of soil contained 0.5% and 20% of the applied activity for A(26) and A(63), respectively. Negligible fractions seemed to be in the deeper zone. It was estimated that almost all or most of the applied HTO had escaped to the air before plants' harvest.     

内蒙古自治区环境信息化总体规划的战略构想研究

环境信息化建设是中国环境保护工作的重要组成部分,实现环境信息化是环境保护工作的内在要求,也是未来环境保护工作的发展方向。环境信息化建设需要循序渐进的过程,才能适应新时期环境规划要求。《内蒙古自治区环境信息化总体规划的战略构想》对内蒙古自治区环境信息化建设发展历程、建设现状和顶层设计做了简要介绍,对内蒙古自治区环境信息化建设在“十三五”时期的建设任务和在环境规划中起到的作用提出一些观点和意见,并阐述了环境信息化如何在内蒙古自治区环境保护工作中发挥更重要、更积极的作用。     

2013年吉林前郭5级震群的前兆异常分析

2013年吉林前郭发生一次5级震群活动,震群发生前,周边地区前兆出现了若干测项不同时间、不同形态的异常。整理了前郭震群发生前流体、形变、地电学科出现的典型异常,其中丰满水氡、丰满台垂直摆倾斜仪、榆树地电出现破年变、低值下降,异常最早开始于2010年3月;而前郭水温、白城水温、乾安水温出现转折下降,异常多发生在震前一周内,可见此次震群发生前前兆中期异常和临震异常较为突出,中期异常出现时间早,且距震中较远,而临震异常突出且时间较为集中,距震中较近,中期和临震异常的空间演化范围呈现由外围向近场区迁移的现象。     

巢湖表层沉积物中磷赋存形态的时空变化

以巢湖表层沉积物为对象,采用欧洲标准测试委员会框架下发展的SMT分离方法分析总磷（total phosphorus,TP）、有机磷（organic phosphorus,OP）、无机磷（inorganic phosphorus,IP）、铁铝磷（NaOH-P）、钙磷（HCl-P）等磷形态的含量,利用ArcGIS 9.2和地统计学软件GS＋5.3进行空间数据和插值处理,探讨了巢湖表层沉积物中磷的形态分布特征及来源.结果表明：①沉积物中TN、TP和有机质含量的季节变化较小,在空间上均表现出西半湖含量高于东半湖的分布特点;C/N比率在21.35～28.19之间（平均值为24.94）,表明巢湖的入湖污染物主要以面源污染为主.②巢湖表层沉积物中TP含量的变化范围为528.90～1 385.71 mg.kg-1,IP为主要赋存形态（占TP的质量分数为55.78%～79.86%）.③巢湖表层沉积物中,OP含量为169.05～841.24 mg.kg-1,东、西半湖OP含量分别为376.02 mg.kg-1和406.53 mg.kg-1（占TP的质量分数为47.49%和36.28%）;NaOH-P含量为33.77～411.37 mg.kg-1,东、西半湖含量分别为108.37 mg.kg-1和276.30 mg.kg-1（占IP的质量分数为21.73%和33.12%）;HCl-P含量为194.95～477.45 mg.kg-1,东、西半湖HCl-P含量分别为321.71 mg.kg-1和338.08mg.kg-1（占IP的质量分数为64.50%和40.53%）,是IP的主要组成部分.④冬春季节OP含量高于夏秋季节,而夏秋季节HCl-P和NaOH-P含量高于冬春季节.     

考虑气体传输和应力耦合作用的页岩表观渗透率演化机理

为模拟页岩气抽采过程中孔隙压力对其吸附特性和渗透特性的影响,通过吸附及多孔弹性理论,建立考虑过剩吸附量的吸附模型,并进一步建立考虑气体传输影响的页岩表观渗透率模型,通过试验数据验证其合理性。结果表明,1)随孔隙压力逐渐升高,页岩过剩吸附量呈先快速增加后趋于平缓的变化趋势;随温度升高,其吸附量呈降低趋势。考虑过剩吸附量和温度修正的吸附模型计算结果与试验所测结果吻合较好,且能较好地反映不同温度下页岩过剩吸附量与孔隙压力的关系。2)页岩气体吸附过程中产生的基质膨胀变形量随孔隙压力升高而升高,且温度较低时的气体吸附变形量大于温度较高时的变形量。3)在有效应力恒定的条件下,CH₄和He的表观渗透率随努森数增大而减小。相同孔隙压力条件下,随有效应力升高CH4和He的表观渗透率均呈降低的趋势,且页岩表观渗透率对有效应力的敏感程度随孔隙压力升高而降低。相同有效应力条件下,充入He的页岩表观渗透率均大于充入CH4的页岩表观渗透率。4)构建考虑气体传输和应力耦合作用的页岩表观渗透率模型,模型计算的渗透率与实测值具有良好的一致性,能较好地表征不同外应力条件下的页岩表观渗透率演化规律。     

Long-term exposure to air pollution and cerebrovascular disease: findings from Beijing Health Management Cohort study

● This study explored the long-term association by double robust additive models. ● Individual exposure concentrations were assessed by integrating GAM, LUR and BPNN. ● PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ are positively associated with cerebrovascular disease. ● CO could reduce the risk of cerebrovascular disease with the highest robustness. ● The elderly, women and people with normal BMI are at higher risk for air pollution. The relationship between air pollution and cerebrovascular disease has become a popular topic, yet research findings are highly heterogeneous. This study aims to investigate this association based on detailed individual health data and a precise evaluation of their exposure levels. The integrated models of generalized additive model, land use regression model and back propagation neural network were used to evaluate the exposure concentrations. And doubly robust additive model was conducted to explore the association between cerebrovascular disease and air pollution after adjusted for demographic characteristics, physical examination, disease information, geographic and socioeconomic status. A total of 25097 subjects were included in the Beijing Health Management Cohort from 2013 to 2018. With a 1 μg/m³ increase in the concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂, the incidence risk of cerebrovascular disease increased by 1.02 (95% CI: 1.008–1.034), 1.06 (95% CI: 1.034–1.095) and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.010–1.029) respectively. Whereas CO exposure could decrease the risk, with an odds ratio of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.212–0.626). In the subgroup analysis, individuals under the age of 50 with normal BMI were at higher risk caused by PM_2.5, and SO₂ was considered more hazardous to women. Meanwhile, the protective effect of CO on women and those with normal BMI was stronger. Successful reduction of long-term exposure to PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ would lead to substantial benefits for decrease the risk of cerebrovascular disease especially for the health of the susceptible individuals.     

易自燃采空区瓦斯与火灾共治数值模拟

易自燃煤层采空区瓦斯和火灾综合防治是煤矿亟待解决的难题,基于多孔介质渗流理论,把采空区渗透系数以及瓦斯涌出源项看成随采空区位置变化的量。建立采空区气体流动的质量方程、动量方程、组分传输方程以及能量守恒方程,应用fluent软件模拟采空区在不同工作面供风量、不同抽放情况下采空区流场分布,得出工作面风量与氧化带宽度的拟合关系式。指出瓦斯抽放对采空区瓦斯浓度分布以及氧化带宽度影响比较显著;结合现场观测数据,表明数值模拟的可靠性。通过数值模拟,可以得出采空区不同瓦斯治理参数与氧化带宽度的对应关系,为煤矿采空区瓦斯和火灾合理防治提供依据。     

一维修正弹任务可靠度的序贯截尾检验方法

目的 研究并提出一种基于序贯截尾检验方法的任务可靠度评定方法.方法 将序贯截尾检验方法引入一维修正弹任务可靠度评定过程中,建立检验方法数学描述模型,并结合工程实例,综合应用Monte-Carlo法,给出数值算例和任务可靠度检验方案,验证方法的有效性和可行性.结果 与二项式经典假设检验方法(所需试验样本量N=54)相比,...