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排序方式: 共有349条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Sarook Sarky Jim Wright Mary Edwards 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(9):1529-1553
Multiple criteria evaluation (MCE) is often used with GIS to identify suitable sites for multi-purpose development such as ecotourism. Typically, expert or stakeholder consultation is used to identify weights reflecting the relative importance of map layers representing different criteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new consultative approach to GIS-based MCE, using ecotourism development in Kurdistan, Iraq, as a case study. In an initial and follow-up consultation, stakeholders were asked not only to assess the relative importance of different map layers for ecotourism development, but also to identify specific sites suitable for ecotourism. Seventy-eight ecotourism destinations nominated by participants had significantly higher MCE scores than a set of 58 locations chosen without reference to stakeholders (t-test = 21.16; p < 0.001). The approach thus provides a straightforward means of assessing the consistency of stakeholder input into MCE and could be adapted for use in other site suitability assessments. 相似文献
92.
Leiming Zhang L. Paige Wright Pierrette Blanchard 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(37):5853-5864
The status of the current knowledge concerning the dry deposition of atmospheric mercury, including elemental gaseous mercury (Hg0), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and particulate mercury (Hgp), is reviewed. The air–surface exchange of Hg0 is commonly bi-directional, with daytime emission and nighttime deposition over non-vegetated surfaces and vegetated surfaces with small leaf area indices under low ambient Hg0 conditions. However, daytime deposition has also been observed, especially when the ambient Hg0 is high. Typical dry deposition velocities (Vd) for Hg0 are in the range of 0.1–0.4 cm s?1 over vegetated surfaces and wetlands, but substantially smaller over non-vegetated surfaces and soils below canopies. Meteorological, biological, and soil conditions, as well as the ambient Hg0 concentrations all play important roles in the diurnal and seasonal variations of Hg0 air–surface exchange processes. Measurements of RGM deposition are limited and are known to have large uncertainties. Nevertheless, all of the measurements suggest that RGM can deposit very quickly onto any type of surface, with its Vd ranging from 0.5 to 6 cm s?1. The very limited data for Hgp suggest that its Vd values are in the range of 0.02–2 cm s?1.A resistance approach is commonly used in mercury transport models to estimate Vd for RGM and Hgp; however, there is a wide range of complexities in the dry deposition scheme of Hg0. Although resistance-approach based dry deposition schemes seem to be able to produce the typical Vd values for RGM and Hg0 over different surface types, more sophisticated air–surface exchange models have been developed to handle the bi-directional exchange processes. Both existing and newly developed dry deposition schemes need further evaluation using field measurements and intercomparisons within different modelling frameworks. 相似文献
93.
Jesse O. Bash David R. Miller 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(37):5953-5961
Relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) measurements of the total gaseous mercury (TGM) flux measurements were taken over a deciduous forest predominantly composed of Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) during the growing season of 2004 and the second half of the growing season of 2005. The magnitudes of the flux estimates were in the range of published results from other micrometeorological mercury fluxes taken above a tall canopy and larger than estimates from flux chambers. The magnitude and direction of the flux were not static during the growing season. There was a significant trend (p < 0.001), from net deposition of TGM in early summer to net evasion in the late summer and early fall before complete senescence. A growing season atmosphere-canopy total mercury (TGM) compensation point during unstable daytime conditions was estimated at background ambient concentrations (1.41 ng m?3). The trend in the seasonal net TGM flux indicates that long term dry deposition monitoring is needed to accurately estimate mercury loading over a forest ecosystem. 相似文献
94.
Geraldine A. Wright David Raubenheimer Steven Hill Stephen J. Simpson 《Chemoecology》2000,10(2):59-67
Summary.
Schistocerca gregaria, the desert locust, has been shown to regulate its dietary intake with respect to specific macronutrients in synthetic foods.
This study examined the nutrients in the leaves of two starch mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, and then compared the feeding behaviour of locusts on the two starch mutants. The high-starch mutant had c. 25 times more starch than the no-starch mutant. Newly molted 5th stadium locusts were preconditioned for 3 days on one of
the mutants, and then observed for 90 min while exposed to the same or the alternative mutant. Locusts pretreated with the
no-starch mutant fed longer during the first meal on high-starch mutants, spent more time feeding, and had the smaller latency
to begin a meal when compared to the locusts pretreated on the high-starch mutant. The results of the study are interpreted
in light of an integrative model of nutrient balancing.
Received 16 November 1999; accepted 23 December 1999 相似文献
95.
Compost impacts on dissolved organic carbon and available nitrogen and phosphorus in turfgrass soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wright AL Provin TL Hons FM Zuberer DA White RH 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2008,28(6):1057-1063
Compost application to turfgrass soils may increase dissolved organic C (DOC) levels which affects nutrient dynamics in soil. The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of compost source and application rate on soil organic C (SOC), DOC, NO(3), and available P during 29 months after a one-time application to St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] turf. Compost sources had variable composition, yet resulted in few differences in SOC, DOC, and NO(3) after applied to soil. Available NO(3) rapidly decreased after compost application and was unaffected by compost source and application rate. Available P increased after compost application and exhibited cyclical seasonal patterns related to DOC. Compost application decreased soil pH relative to unamended soil, but pH increased during the course of the study due to irrigation with sodic water. Increasing the compost application rate increased SOC by 3 months, and levels remained fairly stable to 29 months. In contrast, DOC continued to increase from 3 to 29 months after application, suggesting that compost mineralization and growth of St. Augustinegrass contributed to seasonal dynamics. Dissolved organic C was 75%, 78%, and 101% greater 29 months after application of 0, 80, and 160 Mg compostha(-1), respectively, than before application. Impacts of composts on soil properties indicated that most significant effects occurred within a few months of application. Seasonal variability of SOC, DOC, and available P was likely related to St. Augustinegrass growth stages as well as precipitation, as declines occurred after precipitation events. 相似文献
96.
Demolish it and They Will Come: Estimating the Economic Impacts of Restoring a Recreational Fishery1
Jesse Lance Robbins Lynne Y. Lewis 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(6):1488-1499
Abstract: This paper presents the results of an ex post survey of recreational anglers for the lower Kennebec River, post‐Edwards Dam removal. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents one of the first ex post analyses of fisheries restoration from dam removal. We find significant benefits have accrued to anglers using the restored fishery. Specifically, anglers are spending more to visit the fishery, a direct indication of the increased value anglers place on the improved fishery. Anglers are also willing to pay for increased angling opportunities on the river. These findings have policy implications for other privately owned dams that are currently undergoing relicensing and/or dam removal considerations. Our findings may also hold implications for fisheries that have deteriorated due to historic dam construction. 相似文献
97.
Load maximization of a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed bioreactor for nitrogen removal from synthetic municipal wastewater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A novel liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed bioreactor (LSCFB) configured with anoxic and aerobic columns and lava rock as the biofilm carrier was used to treat synthetic municipal wastewater. Four different empty bed contact times (EBCTs) of 0.82, 0.65, 0.55, and 0.44 h were examined to optimize nutrient removal capability of the system. The LSCFB demonstrated tertiary effluent quality organic and nitrogen removal efficiencies. Effluent characteristics of the LSCFB were soluble biological oxygen demand (SBOD)10 mg l(-1) and total nitrogen (TN)<10 mg l(-1) at organic loading rate (OLR) of 5.3 kg m(-3)d(-1) and nitrogen loading rate of 0.54 kg Nm(-3)d(-1). Remarkably low yields of 0.14, 0.17, 0.19, and 0.21 g VSS g(-1)COD were observed at OLR of 2.6, 3.2, 4.1 and 5.3 kg COD m(-3)d(-1), where increment of biomass growth and detachment rate were also experienced with increasing OLR. However the system demonstrated only 30% phosphorus removal, and mass balances along the anoxic and aerobic columns showed biological phosphorus removal in the system. Organic mass balance showed that approximately 40% of the influent COD was utilized in the anoxic column and the remaining COD was oxidized in the aerobic column. The system is very efficient in nitrification-denitrification, with more than 90% nitrification of ammonium and overall nitrogen removal in the LSCFB was 70+/-11% even at an EBCT of 0.44 h. 相似文献
98.
Toni Lyn Morelli R. Andrew Hayes Helen F. Nahrung Thomas E. Goodwin Innocent H. Harelimana Laura J. MacDonald Patricia C. Wright 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2013,100(8):769-777
Lemurs are the most olfactory-oriented of primates, yet there is still only a basic level of understanding of what their scent marks communicate. We analyzed scent secretions from Milne-Edwards' sifakas (Propithecus edwardsi) collected in their natural habitat of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. We sought to test whether the scent mark could signal genetic relatedness in addition to species, sex, season, and individuality. We not only found correlations (r 2?=?0.38, P?=?0.017) between the total olfactory fingerprint and genetic relatedness but also between relatedness and specific components of the odor, despite the complex environmental signals from differences in diet and behavior in a natural setting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an association between genetic relatedness and chemical communication in a wild primate population. Furthermore, we found a variety of compounds that were specific to each sex and each sampling period. This research shows that scent marks could act as a remote signal to avoid inbreeding, optimize mating opportunities, and potentially aid kin selection. 相似文献
99.
Character (ethos) refers to those interpenetrable habitual qualities within individuals, and applicable to organizations that both constrain and lead them to desire and pursue personal and societal good. In our Incubator article, we undertake two objectives. First, we provide our conceptualization of character; briefly specifying what character is and is not. Second, we introduce several promising directions for organizationally based research on character. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
100.