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91.
Extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) are used in the developing world for many purposes including management of agricultural insect pests. The effects of different neem extracts (aqueous (NSKEaq), ethanol (NSKEeth) and hexane (NSKEhex)) on mortality, survival and weight of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) (BPH) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) third and fourth nymphal instars were investigated. When fed rice plants treated with neem derivatives in bioassays, the survival of BPH nymphs is affected. Comparisons were made with the pure neem limonoid, azadirachtin (AZA) to ascertain its role as a compound responsible for these effects. AZA was most potent in all experiments and produced almost 100% nymphal mortality at 0.5 ppm and higher concentrations. When higher concentrations were applied, the effects appeared shortly after treatment and mortality was higher. Many insects died after remaining inactive for several days or during prolonged moulting. At lower concentrations, if moulting was achieved, disturbed growth and abnormalities were then likely to occur in the moulting process. Nymphs that were chronically exposed to neem extract showed a reduction in weight (45-60%). The results clearly indicate the simple NSKE (aqueous, ethanolic or both), containing low concentrations of AZA, can be used effectively to inhibit the growth and survival of BPH. 相似文献
92.
This study strives to estimate the emission of dioxin and furthermore attempts to find the best technological control methods available for waste incinerators by investigating the emission status thereof. In order to incorporate the Stockholm Convention, a particular stringent law was promulgated in Korea and in recent years incinerators were forced to utilize better technological control. After the enforcement of special dioxin emission regulation in 2003, the average concentration of dioxin emitted from municipal and industrial waste incinerators decreased from 15.25 and 12.86 ng TEQ Nm(-3) to 5.53 and 4.96 ng TEQ Nm(-3) in 2001 and 2004, respectively. Based on test results at commercial plants, several best arranged sets of air pollution control devices (APCDs) were suggested in order to provide guidelines to help operators. These sets included combinations of spray dry absorbers, bag type filters, wet scrubbers, selective catalytic reductions and electrostatic precipitators. Different suggestions and real installations of APCD arrangement were investigated during the years around the regulation in effective. The results were presented depending on the capacity of the incinerators and different waste streams to observe the efforts to reduce dioxin emission by operators of incineration plants. The annual amount of dioxin emission from the incinerators is expected to be 212.5 g-TEQ in 2011 and 234.3g-TEQ in 2015, respectively, compared to 891.6g-TEQ recorded in 2001. The enforcement of new regulation and the installation of better APCDs showed the significant effect on such reduction. This reduction in dioxin emission from incinerators confirmed the nation's commitment to the regulatory requirement set by the Stockholm Convention. 相似文献
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Sung-Jin Cho Ki-Heon Kim Hae-Young Jung Oh-Jun Kwon Yong-Chil Seo 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(2):98-102
A plastic fraction consisting mainly of polyurethane/styrofoam waste is generated after separating valuable spare parts and
metals from used electrical home appliances. In Korea, such waste is currently incinerated in cement kilns or is landfilled.
However, owing to its high volatile matter content, conversion into gaseous or liquid pyrolysis products is a preferable alternative.
A pyrolysis process of polyurethane and styrofoam waste from electrical home appliances was evaluated by characterizing the
products generated at 500°–800°C. The para meters determined were the yields of gas, oil, and char; the characteristics of
the remaining char; and the con centration of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzo-furans in the product gas. As expected, the char yield decreased at higher temperatures,
whereas gas and oil yields showed increasing tendency. The oil products could be used as storable fuels with a calorific value
of 6000–8000 kcal/kg. Fine pores were observed in the char. The adsorption and decolorizing ability of the char were almost
the same as those of activated carbon, so that pyrolysis char has potential for use as a sorbent. Further feasibility studies
will be needed before utilizing pyrolysis technology to recover either fuels or usable products from polyurethane/styrofoam
waste. 相似文献
96.
Eunhwa Choi Heesang Eum Yong-Seok Seo Seung-Muk Yi Hyeyoung Lee 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(2):832-843
Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide were continuously measured and variability of emission factors (EFs) was evaluated in five municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) and four industrial waste incinerators (IWIs) from 24 to 86 days between 2008 and 2011. N2O EFs were calculated by Monte Carlo simulation and mean N2O EFs were 7.1, 107, 127, 219 g N2O/ton waste combusted in MWIs with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx control, MWIs with selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), IWIs with SNCR, and a MWI using fluidized bed with SNCR, respectively. Climate-relevant CO2 EFs ranged from 0.45 to 0.72 ton CO2/ton waste combusted in MWIs. Maximum values of upper limit for 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of N2O EFs estimated in each MWIs with SCR, MWIs with SNCR, IWIs with SNCR were 185, 94, 101% of mean N2O EFs, respectively. Meanwhile, maximum values of upper limit for 95% CIs of CO2 EFs were much lower as between 18 and 36% in those facilities. 84% CIs of mean N2O EFs in MWIs with SNCR and IWIs with SNCR were overlapped indicating those values are not significantly different. 相似文献
97.
The expression levels of cytochrome P450 1A, p53 and vitellogenin were investigated in three different tissues of male medaka fish after exposure to diclofenac that is one of the main concerns among pharmaceuticals frequently found in sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents. The results showed that cytochrome P450 1A, p53 and vitellogenin were highly expressed in tissue-specific gene expression patterns after exposure to 8 mg/l and 1 μg/l of diclofenac. These elevated expression levels of three biomarkers suggested that diclofenac has potential to cause cellular toxicity, p53-related genotoxicity and estrogenic effects. It is also noteworthy that diclofenac has the potential to cause these effects even at an environmentally relevant concentration of diclofenac, 1 μg/l. 相似文献
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Environmental and Ecological Statistics - This paper evaluates behavioral adaptation models to climate change using South American agricultural data. This paper finds that the Ricardian model with... 相似文献
100.
Yong-Kook Kwon Hyun-Whee Bae Sun Kyoung Shin Tae-Wan Jeon Jungju Seo Geum-Sook Hwang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(17):10453-10460
Leachate, generated by the decomposition of animal carcasses, presents many environmental, sanitary, and food safety hazards. However, research on the characteristics of leachate is lacking. In this study, we performed biochemical profiling of leachate from two animal species (pig and cattle) in two soil types (sandy loam and sandy soil) using 1H-NMR-based profiling, followed by multivariate data analysis. The leachate was collected from a well-controlled artificial burial site over a 31-week period. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the NMR data showed similar patterns between species and soil types. Organic components, including organic acids and phenols, predominated, and their levels increased with time. The methylamine level in leachate from pig carcasses 18 weeks following burial was significantly higher than that from cattle carcasses; leachate from cattle carcasses in sandy soil 1 week after burial contained unique components (specifically ethanol, formate, alanine, N-methylation, and taurine), in contrast with those from sandy loam soil. This study suggests that a NMR-based profiling approach is useful to characterize the organic components in leachate from animal carcasses over time. 相似文献