基于BDPs的多级土壤渗滤系统处理受污染河水的试验研究

针对受污染的流入滇池的河流河水,采用具有曝气段和缺氧段的两段式多级土壤渗滤(multi-soil-layering,MSL)系统,开展了在缺氧段添加非水溶性可生物降解多聚物(BDPs)材料PBS颗粒的强化脱氮除磷研究.结果表明,添加PBS碳源可有效解决传统MSL系统因碳源不足而导致的脱氮效果不理想的问题.在河水污染较轻及较重两种情况下,系统对TN的平均去除率分别达到78%、85%,平均单位表面去除负荷分别为9.09g·m-·2d-1、24.55g·m-·2d-1;TP平均去除率分别达到92%、98%,平均单位表面去除负荷分别为0.76g·m-·2d-1、2.02g·m-·2d-1.此外,系统对COD的平均去除率可达到75%以上.     

青海典型内陆河流域地表水溶解性养分组成及分布特征

为了解青海典型内陆河地表水溶解性养分组成及分布特征,对青海巴音河、格尔木河及小柴旦湖流域地表水进行了采集,分析了地表水溶解性养分的组成及含量。结果表明:巴音河流域溶解性养分N、Si可能受水库滞留效应影响;克鲁克湖有较高的NH_4~+-N含量,主要与渔业养殖有关;格尔木河流域溶解性养分含量从上游到下游有升高的趋势,可能与流域内地形差异以及水体沿途蒸发作用有关;托素湖和小柴旦湖溶解性养分含量远远高于河流,主要与湖泊水体蒸发强烈导致的养分含量浓缩有关。研究区水体溶解性养分含量均大于受限阈值,但河流DIN/SRP 10、DSi/DIN 1,表现为N相对不足,湖泊DSi/SRP 10、DSi/DIN 1,表现为Si相对不足。主成分分析表明河流、水库以及克鲁克湖为Ⅰ～Ⅱ类水体,托素湖、小柴旦湖为Ⅴ类水体。     

Investigation on the interaction between triclosan and bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic methods

Abstract

Multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking methods were used to study the interaction between triclosan (TCS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results indicated that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by TCS was due to the formation of TCS–BSA complex through static quenching. This result was also demonstrated by time-resolved fluorescence experiment. The binding constants and number of binding sites between TCS and BSA were 1.30?×?10⁵ M^?1 and 1.17 at 298?K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters were studied in detail which suggested that hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bond played major roles in the TCS–BSA interaction. Moreover, the site marker competitive experiments and docking studies revealed that TCS could bind BSA into site I in subdomain IIA. All the results of UV–vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism spectroscopy and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy showed that interaction between TCS and BSA induced conformation changes of BSA.     

环境污染物的分子毒理机制研究进展

以分子生物学技术为基础研究污染物的毒理机制．从分子水平揭示了污染物毒作用的本质。综述了国内外分子毒理机制的研究进展。详细阐述了毒理芯片、单细胞凝胶电泳等分子生物学技术应用与毒理学研究中的特点、应用前景以及存在的问题。提出了分子毒理机制今后的研究方向。     

Analysing spectroscopy data using two-step group penalized partial least squares regression

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - A statistical challenge to analyse hyperspectral data is the multicollinearity between spectral bands. Partial least squares (PLS) has been extensively...     

H_2O_2致大鼠RTE细胞系氧化应激作用及GSH保护作用的体外研究

许多具有氧化作用的空气污染物,均能使细胞产生氧化损伤,使胸腺基质淋巴生成素(thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP)含量上升。而TSLP是一种启动过敏性炎症的重要因子,会导致哮喘等疾病发生率的上升。在本研究中用过氧化氢(H_2O_2)模拟具有氧化作用的空气污染物进行染毒,研究细胞氧化应激水平的变化,并讨论还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对细胞受氧化损伤的保护作用。将大鼠支气管上皮细胞(RTE)分组培养,每组设置6个平行实验,分别用低、中、高剂量H_2O_2染毒3 h;高剂量设置1个重复,作为保护组,在染毒前用GSH保护2 h。结果显示,高剂量组H_2O_2(3.2 mmol·L~(~(-1)))染毒的细胞,其细胞活力下降(P0.01),丙二醛(MDA)水平上升(P0.01),TSLP水平上升(P0.05),与之相比,用GSH保护后的同剂量染毒组,上述指标得到全面缓解(P0.01)。这表明高浓度的H_2O_2会损伤细胞活力,并使MDA及TSLP水平上升,而GSH对TSLP及MDA的升高有极显著的抑制作用,即对细胞有一定的保护作用。     

天然沸石对农田退水中氨氮的去除

利用静态吸附实验研究了沸石颗粒大小、氨氮初始浓度、接触时间及Na+离子浓度等因素对天然白银沸石去除模拟黄灌区农田退水中氨氮(NH4+-N)效果的影响,同时研究了吸附等温线特征,并考察了其吸附机理.研究结果表明,沸石颗粒大小、接触时间及NH4+和Na+初始浓度对NH4+-N交换容量都会产生一定影响;根据复相关系数(R2),NH4+-N的吸附等温线更符合三参数等温线模型;而对于两参数等温线模型,Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型能更好地描述NH4+-N在天然沸石上的离子交换过程;NH4+-N吸附实验数据与Elovich模型拟合最好(R2≥0.9766).研究结果表明了天然白银沸石是一种适合NH4+-N去除的离子交换剂,可用于黄灌区农田退水中NH4+-N的去除.     

水中苯酚和三氯乙烯在改性蒙脱土上单层和多层吸附及吸附模型的应用

研究了将单层Langmuir模型(MLM)和Freundlich经验模型(EFM)应用于单层或多层溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTAB)-蒙脱土对单溶质水溶液中溶质苯酚或三氯乙烯的吸附作用.MLM和EFM中各溶质的参数由单溶质吸附等温线拟合算出,并应用于双溶质吸附模型中.应用基于单溶质MLM的Langmuir扩展模型(ELM)和基于单溶质EFM的理想溶液吸附理论(IAST)预测了CTAB-蒙脱土对苯酚和三氯乙烯双溶质系统的吸附作用.结果表明,描述单溶质在CTAB-蒙脱土上的吸附作用时,EFM要好于MLM;描述双溶质在CTAB-蒙脱土上的吸附作用时,IAST要好于ELM。     

土霉素降解菌TJ-1在猪粪无害化处理中的作用

利用普通理化分析结合Biolog微平板技术研究了土霉素高效降解菌Staphylococcus sp.TJ-1在新鲜猪粪无害化处理中的作用.结果表明,土霉素高效降解菌的接种能显著提高猪粪中土霉素的降解效率(p＜0.05),21d堆肥结束时可将土霉素降解率从62.7％提升至82.0％.堆肥结束后,不接种降解菌的普通堆肥工艺和接种降解菌的高效堆肥工艺中NH+4-N含量分别为189.34、42.36 mg·kg-1,NO-3-N含量分别为439.38、238.06 mg·kg-1.Biolog结果显示,土霉素降解菌TJ-1对土霉素中碳源的代谢有利于堆体中氨基酸类及芳香族化合物等氮源的降解,缓解了堆体中有毒有害物质对其他微生物的损伤,保证了微生物群落的多样性和活性,对维护堆体生态系统的稳定性具有良好作用.因此,接种高效降解菌进行堆肥是一种良好的消除抗生素残留的猪粪无害化工艺.     

Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.