钛白副产硫酸亚铁的综合利用研究

以钛白副产硫酸亚铁、氯化钾和氨水为原料，采用硫酸钾铵法制取硫酸钾。实验结果表明，该工艺生产的产品，其质量达到ZBG-21006-89国家标准，且此工艺流程简单、操作方便、条件易控制，无二次污染。     

Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the adsorption of aniline compounds from aqueous phase onto bifunctional polymeric adsorbent with sulfonic groups

In the present study, a hydrophilic bifunctional polymeric resin (LS-2) with sulfonic groups was synthesized, and the adsorption performance of three aniline compounds, aniline, 4-methylaniline, and 4-nitroaniline onto LS-2 was compared with that on the commercial Amberlite XAD-4. The uptake of the aniline compounds on LS-2 is a procedure of coexistence of physisorption and chemisorption and obeys the pseudo-second order rate equation, while the uptake of the compounds on XAD-4 is merely a physical adsorption and follows the pseudo-first order rate equation. All the isothermal data fit well with the Freundlich model, and the values of K(F) of the compounds adsorbing on LS-2 are much higher than those on XAD-4 suggesting the higher adsorbing capacities on LS-2 than those on XAD-4, which may be attributed to the microporous structure and the polar groups on the network of LS-2 resin. Dynamic adsorption and desorption studies for aniline on LS-2 show that the breakthrough adsorption capacity and the total adsorption capacity are 0.96 and 1.24 mmol per milliliter resin, respectively. Nearly 100% regeneration efficiency for the adsorbent was achieved by 5% hydrochloric acid.     

Progress in developing an ANN model for air pollution index forecast

An air pollution index (API) reporting system is introduced to selected cities of China for public communication on air quality data. Shanghai is the first city in China providing daily average API reports and forecasts. This paper describes the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) model for the API forecasting in Shanghai. It is a multiple layer perceptron (MLP) network, with meteorological forecasting data as the main input, to output the next day average API values. However, the initial version of the MLP model did not work well. To improve the model, a series of tests were conducted with respect to the training method and structure optimization. Based on the test results, the training algorithm was modified and a new model was built. The new model is now being used in Shanghai for API forecasting. Its performance is shown reasonably well in comparison with observation. The application of the old model was only weakly correlated with observation. In 1-year application, the correlation coefficients were 0.2314, 0.1022 and 0.1710 for TSP, SO₂ and NO_x, respectively. But for the new model, for over 8 months application, the correlation coefficients are raised to 0.6056, 0.6993 and 0.6300 for PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂. Further, the new algorithm does not rely on manpower intervention so that it is now being applied in several other Chinese cities with quite different meteorological conditions. The structure of the model and the application results are presented in this paper and also the problems to be further studied.     

"老龄期"填埋场渗滤液COD蒸发规律研究

"老龄期"填埋场渗滤液由于可生化性差而难于处理.采用常规蒸发、减压蒸发和载气蒸发处理不同pH值的"老龄期"渗滤液.实验结果表明,3种蒸发方式下,冷凝液COD下降过程中均存在明显的浓度转折点,转折点之后COD维持较低水平,为"老龄期"渗滤液的"三分处理法"提供理论依据.与常规蒸发相比,减压蒸发和载气蒸发的前期冷凝液COD较高,且浓度转折点偏后.     

利用氨水对液体烟幕残留物自净化的方法

针对军事上大量使用的液体烟幕的残留物所存在的严重污染问题，研究了利用氨水的自净化法。探讨了自净化的机理和氨水的不同浓度、不同用量对净化效果的影响。该方法简单、高效，既可保持烟幕本身的功用特性，又可解决其残留物的严重污染问题，具有重要的环保价值，也是在军事运用中强调环保的一种有益尝试。     

中国淘汰滴滴涕的环境影响分析

目前中国仍在生产滴滴涕(DDT),并以其为原料生产三氯杀螨醇作为杀虫剂使用.为评价淘汰DDT对于中国生态环境的影响,采用情景分析的方法,估算了在采取不同的淘汰策略下土壤中DDT残留浓度的变化,以此来评价淘汰DDT的环境影响.与基线情景相比,三种控制情景下DDT的累积生产量都有不同程度的减少,相应土壤中的残留浓度也有不同的下降,且淘汰的速度越快土壤中DDT浓度下降的幅度越大.     

石家庄市采暖前后大气颗粒物及其碳组分特征

为研究石家庄市大气颗粒物、碳组分特征和污染来源,采集2016年11月1日—12月31日石家庄市大气颗粒物（PM₁₀、PM_2.5和PM₁）样品,分析采暖前后PM₁₀、PM_2.5和PM₁及其中OC（有机碳）、EC（元素碳）和WSOC（水溶性有机碳）浓度水平,计算颗粒物与碳组分间相关性,进行OC/EC（质量浓度之比,下同）特征比值法和8个碳组分（OC1、OC2、OC3、OC4、OPC、EC1、EC2和EC3）研究.结果表明:①采暖后ρ（PM₁₀）和ρ（PM_2.5）比采暖前分别增加了26.4%和32.1%,而采暖后ρ（PM₁）比采暖前降低了12.2%.采样期间ρ（PM₁₀）与ρ（PM_2.5）显著相关,而ρ（PM₁）分别与ρ（PM_2.5）和ρ（PM₁₀）相关性差.采暖后散煤燃烧造成ρ（PM₁₀）和ρ（PM_2.5）增加,区域机动车限行和工业限产/停产导致ρ（PM₁）降低.②Pearson相关系数计算可知,ρ（OC）与ρ（EC）强相关;ρ（PM₁₀）和ρ（PM_2.5）分别与ρ（OC）和ρ（WSOC）强相关,而ρ（PM₁）分别与ρ（OC）和ρ（WSOC）中等相关;ρ（PM₁₀）和ρ（PM_2.5）分别与ρ（EC）弱相关,ρ（PM₁）与ρ（EC）中等相关.③采暖后PM₁₀、PM_2.5和PM₁中ρ（OC）比采暖前分别增加了215.1%、97.2%和18.5%;采暖后PM₁₀和PM_2.5中ρ（EC）比采暖前分别增加了65.2%和5.3%,而采暖后PM₁中ρ（EC）比采暖前降低了10.9%.集中供热和散煤燃烧排放了大量OC;PM₁₀和PM_2.5中EC主要来源于散煤燃烧,PM₁中EC主要来源于工业排放和机动车尾气.④采暖前PM₁₀、PM_2.5和PM₁中OC/EC平均值分别为4.5、4.5和4.3;采暖后PM₁₀和PM_2.5中OC/EC平均值分别为9.8和9.7,而PM₁中OC/EC平均值为7.4.采暖前后SOC/OC（质量浓度之比,下同）平均值的范围为0.36~0.65,石家庄市冬季大气中SOC污染严重;⑤8个碳组分分析发现,石家庄市机动车限行导致PM₁中ρ（EC1）降低,而采暖后集中供暖和散煤燃烧的增加,导致ρ（OC2）明显增加.研究显示,大气颗粒物中碳组分采暖前主要来源于机动车尾气,而采暖后主要来源于燃煤燃烧,尤其是散煤燃烧.      

羟基自由基氧化降解水中土臭素的效率与机制

土臭素(Geosmin,GSM)是一种由蓝绿藻及放线菌产生,具有令人讨厌土霉味的化合物.地表水中存在土臭素,尽管量少,但因传统水处理工艺难以去除,大大降低了饮用水的感官质量.本文采用大气压强电场电离放电结合水力射流空化方式制备的羟基自由基(Hydroxyl radicals,·OH)对水中GSM进行氧化降解,研究了氧化剂投加剂量、接触时间因素的影响,并根据气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)全扫描获取的中间产物探讨了·OH氧化降解GSM的机制.实验结果表明:当氧化剂投加剂量为0.8 mg·L~(-1),管路中接触反应6 s,可把初始浓度100 ng·L~(-1)的GSM降解到10 ng·L~(-1)以下;提高氧化剂投加量至2.6 mg·L~(-1),接触反应180 s,可氧化降解500 ng·L~(-1)的GSM至10 ng·L~(-1)以下,达到我国《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749—2006).在GSM水样中加入叔丁醇(Tertiary butyl alcohol,TBA)·OH淬灭剂,GSM氧化降解效果明显降低,间接证明了降解GSM的主要物质为·OH.对氧化降解GSM的中间产物分析表明·OH可以破坏GSM双环结构并最终将其矿化成CO_2和H_2O.     

Pyrolysis behaviors of oil sludge based on TG/FTIR and PY-GC/MS

Pyrolysis is an alternative technology for oil sludge treatment. Thermogravimetric Analysis-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry were employed to investigate the pyrolysis process and products of oil sludge. The pyrolysis process was divided into five stages: drying and gas desorption, oil volatilization, main pyrolysis, semi-coke charring, and mineral decomposition. The main reaction temperatures ranged from 497.6 K to 753.2 K. The products were mainly composed of pairs of alkane and alkene (carbon number ranges from 1 to 27). The mechanisms consisted of random chain scission followed by end chain scission at high temperatures with volatilization occurring during the whole process. This study is useful not only for the proper design of a pyrolysis system, but also for improving the utilization of liquid oil products.     

汶川地震期间天津地震前兆台网运行与管理

汶川地震发生后,天津市地震局迅速进入应急体制,高效应对突发事件.监测中心、预报中心全体人员坚守岗位,履行职责,较好地完成了汶川地震期间天津地震前兆台网运行监控、数据管理、台站综合评比、数据服务、总结评估等项工作,以无私奉献的团队精神为地震监测预报工作做出了应有的贡献.