中国与欧盟环境保护投资统计的比较研究

从环境保护(简称环保)投资概念、环保投资统计口径、环保投资统计方法3个方面比较了中国环保投资统计和欧盟环保支出统计存在的差异,并评估了各自的环保投资规模与效益.并通过借鉴欧盟环保支出统计经验,得出完善中国环保投资统计工作的启示:明确界定环保投资内涵,逐步与国际概念接轨；规范环保投资统计制度,建立科学的统计方法；与国民经济统计相衔接,满足经济活动管理需求.     

基于Kriging插值的路旁土壤重金属含量空间分布 ——以310国道郑州-开封段为例

分别在G310国道郑州-开封段的杏花营路段两侧150m×150m范围内布设7条垂直于公路的采样子断面,从路肩向两侧每隔10m采集1个表土混合样,共采集226个样品（包括2个对照样品）.用ICP-MS测定了土壤重金属（Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr和Ni）含量,并用Universal Kriging插值法分析路旁土壤重金属空间分布特征.结果表明,路旁土壤重金属呈与道路平行的带状分布,表明6种重金属含量均受公路交通影响,属于公路源重金属.土壤Cr和Cu含量在路基处含量最高,向两侧逐渐下降,呈指数分布;土壤Pb、Zn、Cd和Ni含量在距路基30～50m处出现峰值,呈偏态分布.路旁土壤Pb、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr和Ni均为交通源重金属.     

青霉菌与生物炭复合修复土壤砷污染的研究

采用随机区组设计,分别对添加不同量的青霉菌和生物炭的砷污染土壤进行培养,通过测定土壤中的As~(3+)、As~(5+)及总砷含量,探究了青霉菌与生物碳复合修复对砷污染土壤中有效砷的钝化率及土壤中砷的价态转化的影响,同时对土壤中的微生物数量进行区系分析,建立了微生物数量与有效砷含量之间的关系.结果显示,随着青霉菌接菌量与生物炭施用量的增加,土壤中总砷含量不会发生变化,有效砷含量从17.74 mg·kg~(-1)下降到12.69 mg·kg~(-1),有效砷的钝化率可达到27.6%左右.而两种价态的砷(As~(5+)、As~(3+))之间没有发生转化,约27%的As~(5+)会被青霉菌与生物炭固定,但As~(3+)在土壤中的含量基本保持不变.在有效砷含量下降的同时,土壤中放线菌的含量基本不变,但土壤中细菌的总量有所上升.结果表明,青霉菌与生物碳复合修复可以降低有效砷的含量,并使砷污染土壤中的微生物环境有所改善,对砷污染土壤显示出较好的修复性能.     

Effect of manganese oxide-modified biochar addition on methane production and heavy metal speciation during the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge

Low organic matter content and high heavy metal levels severely inhibit the anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge. In this study, the effect of added manganese oxide-modified biochar composite (MBC) on methane production and heavy metal fractionation during sewage sludge AD was examined. The MBC could increase the buffering capacity, enhance the methane production and degradation of intermediate acids, buffer the pH of the culture, and stabilize the sewage sludge AD process. The application of MBC positively impacted methane production and the cumulative methane yield increased up to 121.97%, as compared with the control. The MBC addition can improve metal stabilization in the digestate. An optimum MBC dose of 2.36?g was recommended, which would produce up to 121.1?L/kg volatile solids of methane. After the AD process, even though most of the metals accumulated in the residual solids, they could be transformation from the bio-available fractions to a more stable fraction. The total organic- and sulfide-bound and residual fraction content at a 3?g dose of MBC that is 0.12?g/g dry matter were 51.06% and 35.11% higher than the control, respectively. The results indicated that the application of MBC could improve the performance of AD and promote stabilization of heavy metals in sewage sludge post the AD process.     

清洁生产对加氢精制装置减污增效的重要作用

介绍清洁生产在长岭分公司加氢精制装置推行的背景、实施的主要方案、效果及持续清洁生产情况。     

江苏台网尾波持续时间震级的初步研究

利用江苏台网15个地震台的84个地震DD-1短周期记录资料,通过m_(Lg)震级与持续时间τ和震中距Δ相关,得出该区持续时间震级M_D公式:M_D=a_0+0.44(lgτ)~2+0.00036Δ+DM这里,a_0为与记录分向和尾波截止水平有关的常数;DM为台站校正值。M_D标度内部单台标准差为0.09～0.10震级单位,M_D相对m_(Lg)的单台标准差为0.16～0.17震级单位。     

好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中的应用分析

本文围绕好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中的应用展开分析。如对好氧触媒在再造烟叶污水处理中的应用必要性及好氧触媒作用原理予以介绍,并对好氧触媒在造纸法再造烟叶污水处理中应用展开试验。     

Advanced nitrogen removal using pilot-scale SBR with intelligent control system built on three layer network

Since eutrophication has become increasingly severe in China, nitrogen and phosphorous have been the concern of wastewater treatment, especially nitrogen removal. The stabilization of the intelligent control system and nitrogen removal efficiency were investigated in a pilot-scale aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a treatment capacity of 60 m³/d. Characteristic points on the profiles of dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) could exactly reflect the process of nitrification and denitrification. Using the intelligent control system not only could save energy, but also could achieve advanced nitrogen removal. Applying the control strategy water quality of the effluent could stably meet the national first discharge standard during experiment of 10 months. Even at low temperature (t = 13°C), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) in the effluent were under 50 and 5 mg/L, respectively.     

以pH和ORP作为脉冲SBR工艺的实时控制参数

为了实现脉冲SBR深度脱氮的实时控制，以某污水处理厂市政污水为处理对象，考察了脉冲SBR在深度脱氮过程中pH及ORP的变化规律。试验结果表明，pH及ORP的变化规律与脉冲SBR有机物去除、硝化与反硝化过程存在较好的相关关系。可以根据pH和ORP变化曲线上的特征点对脉冲SBR进行实时控制。并考察了污水C／N（COD／NH4^＋-N）对pH及ORP的变化规律的影响。在硝化过程中，C／N对pH及ORP曲线变化点的出现没有影响；在反硝化过程中，应结合pH值“硝酸盐峰”和ORP“硝酸盐膝”来判断低C／N污水反硝化的终点。在该试验中，出水TN低于2mg／L，TN去除率可达到96％以上。