基于遥感信息的黄河中游水土流失敏感区淤地坝坝地资源特征研究

淤地坝是黄河中游黄土高原区水土流失防治的有效工程措施之一,在拦泥淤地、建设农田、巩固退耕还林（草）、改善生态环境等方面发挥了重要作用。基于WorldView-2、Google Earth、Bing、Sentinel-2多源遥感影像并结合实地淤地坝监测资料、NDVI和土地类型数据,本文完成了晋西南地区淤地坝坝地资源（数目、面积、位置、坝系、流域面积）的统计,并对其运行现状进行了评估。结果表明：截至2021年,晋西南地区淤地坝共计12167座,总面积达71.19 km²。规模上该区主要以小型淤地坝（＜0.015 km²）为主;空间上主要集中于中部的汾西县、洪洞县和浮山县地区,坝地数量和面积分别占总数量和面积的67.37%（8197座）和56.67%（40.35 km²）。目前,56.58%的淤地坝已经处于服务超限状态,平均超限5—10 a,其中,隰县、大宁县、汾西县、吉县和乡宁县地区淤地坝超限较为严重,60%以上的淤地坝已处于淤满状态。淤地坝的修建明显促进了黄土高原地区植被恢复、拦泥蓄容、建设耕地资源,但随着一些淤地坝的“淤满”,其生态和经济服务功能明显下降,并存在一定的潜在风险,亟需地方流域管理部门重视并采取有效措施。     

Mechanism of ball milled activated carbon in improving the desalination performance of flow- and fixed-electrode in capacitive deionization desalination

● BACs were used in electrode material for both fixed and flowing electrodes. ● ASAR of FCDI and MCDI was improved by 134% and 17%, respectively. ● ENRS of FCDI and MCDI was improved by 21% and 53%. ● The mechanism of improving desalination performance was analyzed in detail. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a novel electrochemical water-treatment technology. The electrode material is an important factor in determining the ion separation efficiency. Activated carbon (AC) is extensively used as an electrode material; however, there are still many deficiencies in commercial AC. We adopted a simple processing method, ball milling, to produce ball milled AC (BAC) to improve the physical and electrochemical properties of the original AC and desalination efficiency. The BAC was characterized in detail and used for membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) and flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) electrode materials. After ball milling, the BAC obtained excellent pore structures and favorable surfaces for ion adsorption, which reduced electron transfer resistance and ion migration resistance in the electrodes. The optimal ball-milling time was 10 h. However, the improved effects of BAC as fixed electrodes and flow electrodes are different and the related mechanisms are discussed in detail. The average salt adsorption rates (ASAR) of FCDI and MCDI were improved by 134% and 17%, respectively, and the energy-normalized removal salt (ENRS) were enhanced by 21% and 53%, respectively. We believe that simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly BAC has great potential for practical engineering applications of FCDI and MCDI.     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of ground granulated blast furnace slag-based geopolymer reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol fibers

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is a solid waste characterized by a high reactivity with alkali solutions, which is normally used...