阿尔山市生态足迹分析研究

研究基于阿尔山市2011年-2015年统计年鉴数据测算该市五年来人均生态足迹及生态承载力.结果表明:(1)阿尔山市2011年-2015年人均生态足迹(2.9223~4.0030 hm2·cap-1)呈现"先增后减再增"的变化趋势,以耕地占比最大;(2)人均生态承载力呈现"先减后增"的变化趋势,以林地贡献最大;(3)五年来总体表现为生态盈余,但牧草地及耕地出现生态赤字;(4)当地万元GDP生态足迹先减后增,资源利用率较低.阿尔山市目前整体社会经济发展供给大于需求,基本维持可持续发展.     

锅炉改造项目环境影响评价实证分析

本文以锅炉“煤改气”项目为例,在项目施工期、运营期产生的环境影响进行评价,并提出相应的环境保护措施。为环保部门和企业管理提供理论依据,并为锅炉改造类项目污染预防治理提供实践经验,最大限度降低项目建设对周围环境的不利影响,推动“煤改气”项目的可持续发展。     

Continuous monitoring of ambient polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near open‐air burning of metal scraps

Airborne concentrations of PAH in the vicinity of the source region with open‐air burning of metal scraps were measured between February, 1992 and November, 1993. The activity of open‐air burning decreased significantly since 1993 due to prohibition regulation. Both gaseous phase and particle‐bound PAH were measured at five sampling sites, which included one reference sampling site far away from the source region. Both values of gaseous and particle‐bound PAH concentrations, which were measured in the vicinity of source region, decreased clearly during the two years monitoring period. It shows that the uncontrolled open‐air burning of metal scraps was a significant emission source of airborne PAH in the study area. The profiles of various species of PAH were also compared. A large decrease in benzo(a)pyrene was observed in the source region.     

构建生态文明的旅游观

生态文明是以人与自然协调发展为核心的观念。旅游业可持续发展中面临着“旅游景区”开发过程中的盲目性、生态旅游发展过程中的盲目性、文物古迹修缮过程中的盲目性，以及国民生态意识淡薄、旅游行为非生态化等问题。构建生态文明的旅游观，是旅游业摆脱困境，实现可持续发展的根本保证。     

连环湖阿木塔泡沉积物中重金属形态及其对环境影响分析

采用了BCR三步提取法,对连环湖阿木塔泡AMT岩芯沉积物中的Mn、Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Pb和Zn等7种重金属元素的化学形态进行了分析。结果表明：Cr、Cu、Fe、Ni、Pb、zn元素以残渣态为主,Mn元素以可交换态及碳酸盐结合态为主。Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb的有机物及硫化物结合态、Fe—Mn氧化物结合态含量较高,Zn的有机物及硫化物含量较高。其中,Mn、Cr、Ni和Pb对环境产生危害的可能性最大,对这几元素应该予以足够的关注。     

深圳市空气污染分区预报思路的建立

基于本市2005—2010年各区API日资料和污染日逐时资料、逐日气象要素资料、物理量因子,在对全市污染时空分布特征和各影响因素细致分析的基础上,运用典型天气形势和典型要素判定方法,在此基础上,进行气象要素的偏最小二乘回归提炼主要因子,建立污染天气预报思路,运用2011年重污染目的资料进行检验,结果表明：该种三级判定的方法预测污染小概率事件,吻合较好,为空气污染客观预报和高污染预警系统的建立提供依据。     

深圳地区灰霾分布特征及预警、预报方法探讨

基于深圳市国家气候观象台1953—2010年的灰霾UV统计资料、气象要素值、灰霾出现前期及同期的地面和850hPa的天气形势资料和自动站的能见度统计资料以及深圳市环境监测站的1980—2010年污染物浓度资料,对深圳市灰霾天气的出现规律及影响要素特征进行了概括分析.在此基础上运用逐步回归的方法,筛选出影响灰霾主要因子,建立未来1—3d的能见度预报方程.同时通过对灰霾出现前天气形势的分析和归纳,建立灰霾潜势预报的思路.并进一步对灰霾天气的典型因子进行权重分级.最后集成以上3种预测方法,归纳出灰霾预警方案,形成灰霾预警预报模型.利用实测结果对模型检验,结果表明：该模型具有一定的准确率和可靠性,对灰霾预测具有较好的应用价值,为灰霾防治和预警系统的建立提供科学依据.     

Immobilization of fluoride in the sediment of mine drainage stream using loess,Northwest China

Fluoride (F) is a necessary trace element in the human body, which would lead to some diseases if human body lacks or accumulates it excessively (1–1.5 mg d−1). Fluoride contamination in sediments has become more and more serious, which has potential hazards to human body. In this paper, a novel sorbent (loess) was proposed to immobilize trace element F in sediment. The effectiveness of loess on F stabilization was evaluated by decreasing F bioavailability in contaminated sediment. The loess and the sediment were mixed at different proportions for stabilization. About 70 days after the application of loess, the soil column was subject to simulate acid rain leaching test to observe the leaching-migration of F, which can be used to predict the leaching migration of F in the study area. The results showed that when the loess dose was 5 kg, the loess converted highly effective fractions of F (i.e., water-soluble and exchangeable fractions) into a more stable state (i.e., residual state). After 30 days of leaching with HNO3 solution with pH at 3.0, the lowest concentration of F was found in the leachate of soil column with 2 kg loess application. Correlation analysis showed that the F concentration in soil column profile was affected by CaCO3, EC, pH, and OM, of which, pH and CaCO3 have greater influence than other factors.     

Classification and management of kitchen waste: disposals and proposals in Chaoyang district,Beijing, China

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The KW from Chaoyang District was mainly treated by incineration at present. The main purpose of this study was to analysis whether the properties...     

啶酰菌胺在斑马鱼体内的富集特性及其对SDH和复合物Ⅱ活性的抑制

为进一步探索啶酰菌胺对水生生物的毒性,选择斑马鱼为供试生物,采用半静态法,研究了啶酰菌胺在斑马鱼体内的富集与消除规律及对其肝脏和鳃的毒性作用。结果表明,斑马鱼暴露于0.08、0.32 mg·L~(-1)中,14 d后均达到富集平衡,28 d生物富集系数(BCF_(28 d))分别为35.50和36.72。在0.16、0.32 mg·L~(-1)浓度下,斑马鱼的比肝重(HSI)和比鳃重(BSI)均明显高于对照组,而肝脏和鳃中琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和线粒体呼吸链复合物II活性均明显低于对照组,浓度低于0.08 mg·L~(-1)时,对斑马鱼无明显影响。由此可知,啶酰菌胺对斑马鱼为中等富集性,并对其肝脏和鳃有一定毒性作用。