军用物资航空运输振动冲击环境条件研究

介绍了军用物资航空运输的特点和分类,分析了军用物资在飞机起飞、降落、跑道滑行、飞行中,因气流变化以及空投时物资着陆和装卸而产生的振动冲击等,并给出了一定的振动冲击值。同时,结合振动冲击等环境条件对物资的影响,提出了安全防护的几点措施,为军用物资航空运输的安全性提供理论依据和技术参考。     

基于网络监管系统的机动车排气污染控制管理

通过建立南京市机动车排气污染网络监管系统,将车辆上牌、尾气年检、路检抽检、公交治理、标志管理、区域限行、维修治理等有关机动车污染控制的工作环节纳入到系统中,实现全过程在线实时监控,以保证工作过程的规范性、检测数据的真实性和监督管理的科学高效性。     

流动注射双环己酮草酰二腙光度法测定水中的铜

为了克服传统分析法操作繁琐、分析时间长的缺陷,将流动注射分析技术和双环己酮草酰二腙光度法相结合,建立了测定工业废水中铜的快速、简便分析方法。方法的线性范围为0 mg/L～10 mg/L,分析速率可达55次/h,应用于工业废水样的测定,加标回收率在95.5%～104.0%之间,结果令人满意。     

Range of ecological impact of highway construction in the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region, China

The major features of different road sections were identified. Methods quantitatively determining the ecological impact of highway construction were discussed, and a demonstration was presented. The Dabao highway (from Dali to Baoshan) and the Sixiao highway (from Simao to Xiaomengyang) passing through the Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region were used as examples in this paper. For the normal road sections having no important species to protect, a method of ecosystem health assessment was introduced to calculate the overall range of the ecological impact of highway construction. For the road sections having plants or soils of interest, indexes were selected and the range of impact was determined using mathematical methods such as regression analysis and variance analysis. The range of impact on animal populations was also discussed in terms of the minimum living areas required by animal populations and the fragmentation caused by highway construction. The results indicate that the zones impacted by highway construction were composed of both regular and anomalous figures, the range of impacts for different landforms of the two sample highways were substantially different; highway construction had dramatic effects on roadside ecosystem health; the impact on soil factors of farmland was greater than 200 m, and the distance may exceed 1000 m when important large animals were considered.     

One century record of contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in core sediments from the southern Yellow Sea

Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 28 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured at a 2-cm interval in a core sample from the middle of the southern Yellow Sea for elucidating their historical variations in inflow and sources. The chronology was obtained using the 210Pb method. PAHs concentrations decreased generally with depth and two climax values occurred in 14–16 cm and 20–22 cm layers, demonstrating that the production and usage of PAHs might reach peaks in the periods of 1956–1962...     

凹凸棒石/γ-Fe_2O_3/碳纳米复合材料的制备及其对苯酚的吸附作用

为获得同时具有有机亲和性和磁分离特性的吸附材料,以凹凸棒石黏土和废活性白土为原材料,通过铁盐水解共沉淀和在氢气气氛下程序升温煅烧的方法,制备廉价的凹凸棒石γ-Fe2O3/碳纳米复合材料.运用磁化率分析,红外吸收光谱,透射电镜,X射线衍射分析和碳含量分析对其进行了表征,并研究了复合材料吸附去除水中苯酚的动力学、吸附试验中pH的影响及同等条件下与其他吸附材料吸附性能的对比.结果表明,复合材料的磁化率值为2 769×10-8m3/kg,用磁分离工序即可把该吸附材料从溶液中快速分离出来;铁的磁性氧化物以γ-Fe2O3的形态负载到凹凸棒石表面,颗粒直径为10～60nm;碳以无定形的形态负载在凹凸棒石晶体表面;复合材料中的ω(碳)为7.4%,材料中出现了有机官能团-CH3和-CH2-.对苯酚的吸附试验表明,复合材料对苯酚的去除率是凹凸棒石原矿的3倍.     

高铁酸钾处理废水中硝基苯的研究

本实验以高铁酸钾为水处理剂,对其在废水中的硝基苯的去除进行了研究,考察了高铁酸钾的用量、pH值、反应时间及硝基苯的初始浓度四个影响因素对硝基苯去除率的影响,最终确定了高铁酸钾去除硝基苯的最佳反应条件为：初始pH值为9,高铁酸钾与硝基苯的摩尔比为10：1,反应时间30min,初始浓度小于254．5mg/L时,硝基苯的去除率最佳,达到到6．2％。     

HACHDR／2500分光光度法测定水样中总磷的可行性研究

文章运用HACHDR／2500分光光度计,对HACH法测定水样中总磷的检出限、精密度、回收率等一系列实验室质量要求进行了测定。并在此基础上,对多个断面的地表水和不同行业工业废水水体的实际样品进行了HACH法与国家标准钼酸铵分光光度法比对实验,从而证明HACHDR／2500分光光度法与国家标准方法无显著性差异。     

室内环境中微生物与挥发性有机化合物相关性的初步探讨

采集室内环境空气中菌落,经培养后分别将微球菌属、葡萄球菌属、芽孢杆菌属、曲霉属、青霉属的纯培养物转接到培养皿上,然后放入环境测试舱密闭环境中进行放大培养。分析菌落放大培养前后环境测试舱内空气中VOCs组成及其含量水平。结果表明,检测的100种挥发性有机化合物中有42种化合物在扩大培养后浓度升高,而30种化合物的浓度下降。微生物在生长代谢过程中既能分解空气中的一些毒害性有机污染物,也能产生一些毒害性有机污染物。     

SPM对铅溶液的处理效果研究

含铅废水仅经过化学沉淀法处理后的出水不够稳定,因此需要后期处理来保证出水稳定并符合国家综合污水排放标准。新型特种粉体材料Special Powder Materia(lSPM)为我国自主研发的新型粉体材料,对微污染的水源有良好的处理效果,去除重金属的主要机理为电化学反应、吸附等。文章目的在于研究SPM去除铅效果的影响因素;研究SPM处理含铅溶液的浓度范围,考察将SPM的应用范围扩展至含铅废水后期处理的可行性。影响SPM处理效果的因素有进水流向、流量、填料高度、停留时间、含铅溶液浓度等,为了定量研究各个因素对SPM处理效果的贡献大小,文章采用配水试验,考察不同条件下SPM对铅的去除效率并进行正交分析。结果表明,进水方向采用逆流方向优于顺流方向,影响SPM处理铅溶液效率的主要因素为进水流量和进水浓度,SPM对较高浓度含铅溶液有明显的除铅效果,有望用于废水后期处理。进水方向为逆流,流量为12L/h,进水浓度为2mg/L时,出水浓度能长时间保证在1mg/L以下,符合国家综合污水排放标准。