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Jim DiPeso 《环境质量管理》2004,13(4):101-107
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Trevor Ward Steven Cork Kirstin Dobbs Peter Harper Peter Harris Tom Hatton 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(4):738-755
A new approach was developed for Australia's 2011 national State of the Environment (SoE) report to integrate the assessment of biophysical and human elements of the environment. A Common Assessment and Reporting Framework (CARF) guided design and implementation, responding to jurisdictional complexity, outstanding natural diversity and ecosystem values, high levels of cultural and heritage diversity, and a paucity of national-scale data. The CARF provided a transparent response to the need for an independent, robust and evidence-based national SoE report. We conclude that this framework will be effective for subsequent national SoE assessments and other integrated national-scale assessments in data-poor regions. 相似文献
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Current political conditions, primarily budgetary uncertainty, and the related reluctance to make funding commitments for
future generations, have raised questions about the costs of conservation and environmental protection that have not previously
been asked. As Federal investments are scrutinized and budgets become ever more constrained, the costs associated with environmental
requirements could begin to be of greater importance and to influence decisions on Federal projects. In response to concerns
about the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) spending under the Endangered Species Act (P.L. 93-205) (ESA), a limited investigation
was performed to determine the accuracy of reported Corps expenditures. The investigation showed that, for particular groups
of species, actual conservation costs for threatened and endangered species may be twice the amounts previously reported in
the annual ESA expenditure reporting to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In light of this finding, the Corps has sought
a means to provide more accurate and consistent reporting of expenditures for addressing threatened and endangered species.
A Species Costs Template (template) has been developed to identify the types and magnitude of costs related to the ESA and
to counteract the impediments (legal, institutional, and practical) to underreporting costs. The template will be used by
the Corps for reporting ESA costs beginning with Fiscal Year 2005 (FY05) (reported in January 2006). Five broad categories
of expenditures (effects determination costs, ESA protection and conservation costs, equipment costs, opportunity costs, and
other species costs) are identified by the template. 相似文献
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