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161.
Sarook Sarky Jim Wright Mary Edwards 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(9):1529-1553
Multiple criteria evaluation (MCE) is often used with GIS to identify suitable sites for multi-purpose development such as ecotourism. Typically, expert or stakeholder consultation is used to identify weights reflecting the relative importance of map layers representing different criteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new consultative approach to GIS-based MCE, using ecotourism development in Kurdistan, Iraq, as a case study. In an initial and follow-up consultation, stakeholders were asked not only to assess the relative importance of different map layers for ecotourism development, but also to identify specific sites suitable for ecotourism. Seventy-eight ecotourism destinations nominated by participants had significantly higher MCE scores than a set of 58 locations chosen without reference to stakeholders (t-test = 21.16; p < 0.001). The approach thus provides a straightforward means of assessing the consistency of stakeholder input into MCE and could be adapted for use in other site suitability assessments. 相似文献
162.
163.
Environmental changes associated with mass urban tourism and nature tourism development in Hong Kong 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
C. Y. Jim 《The Environmentalist》2000,20(3):233-247
Hong Kong's tourism is overwhelmingly urban-focused. There is a heavy concentration of tourist and ancillary facilities in a small core urban area. A well-defined tourist business district has evolved with imprints on urban morphology. Hotels and the travel industry have limited direct environmental impacts; recent efforts have reduced energy and water consumption and waste generation. Changing preferences and market diversification call for countryside and resort types of tourism. The mainly young visitors are increasingly interested in the scenic countryside with a well-established country-park system, the tourist potential of which has been neglected. Hitherto rural excursions have been confined to 'honeypots' with little penetration away from main roads. The varied possibilities of nature tourism with ecotourism ingredients can be tapped as an adjunct to the city-based counterpart. New tourist nodes such as scattered resorts and a resort island can bring visitors close to nature. The changing patterns of consumption and the increase in rural visitorship demand measures to forestall environmental degradation. 相似文献
164.
This article describes biomass fuels as renewable and sustainable energy resources in Minnesota as well as across the United States. This country has long benefited from surplus supplies of diverse energy resources, while our dependency on foreign petroleum supplies and domestic coal reserves has only recently prompted Congress to recognize the importance of renewable and alternative fuels such as biomass energy. Our further utilization of biomass power and biofuels can be an important step in altering our dependency on both coal and petroleum while simultaneously reducing carbon dioxide emissions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
165.
In order to integrate environmental, health, and safety (EHS) programs into mainstream business management, EHS managers must measure the success of their strategies. This article presents techniques and samples for both quantitative measurement (EHS results) and qualitative measurement (progress toward implementation). It also provides a case study of measurement at the Perkin-Elmer Corporation, which has achieved notable successes with straightforward measurement approaches. Performance measurement systems can make the difference between an EHS program that rewards stakeholders for hard work, and one that fades and frustrates. 相似文献
166.
Jim Lennon 《Natural resources forum》1990,14(3):187-192
The average LME nickel price in 1988 was $6.26/lb and in 1989 was $6.00/lb. This contrasts with an average price of $2.11/lb over the period 1982–87. The reasons for this run up on price include increased demand for stainless steel (the largest use of nickel), reflecting the period of sustained economic growth in the OECD countries, and the decline in market stocks which reached unusually low levels in 1987 and 1988. Forecasts of nickel supply and demand for 1990 and beyond are presented and the need for additional capacity estimated. In general new greenfield capacity will not be needed until the late 1990s. 相似文献
167.
168.
Floyd Jessica R. Kwoba Emmah Mwangi Thumbi Okotto-Okotto Joseph Wanza Peggy Wardrop Nicola Yu Weiyu Wright Jim A. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(23):34314-34324
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Given the increasing evidence that domestic contact with livestock is a risk factor for child diarrhoea in low- and middle-income countries, there... 相似文献
169.
Refuge sharing network predicts ectoparasite load in a lizard 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stephan T. Leu Peter M. Kappeler C. Michael Bull 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(9):1495-1503
Living in social groups facilitates cross-infection by parasites. However, empirical studies on indirect transmission within
wildlife populations are scarce. We investigated whether asynchronous overnight refuge sharing among neighboring sleepy lizards,
Tiliqua rugosa, facilitates indirect transmission of its ectoparasitic tick, Amblyomma limbatum. We fitted 18 neighboring lizards with GPS recorders, observed their overnight refuge use each night over 3 months, and counted
their ticks every fortnight. We constructed a transmission network to estimate the cross-infection risk based on asynchronous
refuge sharing frequencies among all lizards and the life history traits of the tick. Although self-infection was possible,
the network provided a powerful predictor of measured tick loads. Highly connected lizards that frequently used their neighbors’
refuges were characterized by higher tick loads. Thus, indirect contact had a major influence on transmission pathways and
parasite loads. Furthermore, lizards that used many different refuges had lower cross- and self-infection risks and lower
tick loads than individuals that used relatively fewer refuges. Increasing the number of refuges used by a lizard may be an
important defense mechanism against ectoparasite transmission in this species. Our study provides important empirical data
to further understand how indirectly transmitted parasites move through host populations and influence individual parasite
loads. 相似文献
170.
Circadian Rhythm of Heart Rate,Urinary Cortisol Excretion,and Sleep in Civil Air Traffic Controllers
Krystyna Zużewicz Krzysztof Kwarecki Jim Waterhouse 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):383-392
The examination of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCs) from the Warsaw Airport (Poland) included 24-hr ECG monitoring. The participants were 10 civil ATCs, 9 males and 1 woman. The study was carried out on a group of 19 ATCs during their duty periods, 14 of them working 12-hr shifts and 5 performing 24-hr duties. The participants collected urine every 4 hrs, and Cortisol concentration was determined. Further, the survey included the quality and duration of sleep, and subjective fatigue in the 62 participants.In ATCs, shift work modifies natural rhythms of the circulatory system and decreases the ability for intensified mental work at night. In consequence ATCs experience frequent sleep disorders. 相似文献