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排序方式: 共有651条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
161.
Seok-Beom Roh Sang-Beom Park Sung-Kwun Oh Eun-Kyu Park Woo Zin Choi 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(4):1934-1949
Plastic recycling has been the key issue for reducing environmental problems and resolving resource depletion. To improve the recovery rate of plastics, the plastic wastes are correctly identified according to their resin type. However, the identification system, which is able to identify black plastics according to not only the type of black plastics but also the grade of resins correctly, has not been introduced. In this paper, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, intelligent algorithms and preprocessing algorithms are used to improve the identification of black plastics such as polypropylene, polystyrene (PS), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is capable of obtaining the characteristic spectrum regardless of material’s physical state. To extract the new features which are very valuable to improving learning performance, increasing computational efficiency, and building better generalization models from the obtained spectra through laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, the hybrid preprocessing algorithm, composed of principal component analysis and independent component analysis, is used. In addition, the intelligent algorithm named the extended radial basis function neural networks inheriting the advantages of fuzzy theory and neural networks is used to identify black plastic samples into several categories with respect to their resins. The proposed identification system, composed of three parts such as laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, hybrid preprocessing algorithms, and an efficient intelligent classification algorithm, is able to show the synergy effect on the black plastic identification problem. From several experimental results, it can be seen that the identification system based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and the intelligent algorithm is used for identification of black plastics by resin type. 相似文献
162.
Jeongmin Park 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2018,68(10):1077-1084
Conversion of sewage sludge to activated carbon is attractive as an alternative method to ocean dumping for the disposal of sewage sludge. Injection of activated carbon upstream of particulate matter control devices has been suggested as a method to remove elemental mercury from flue gas. Activated carbon was prepared using various activation temperatures and times and was tested for their mercury adsorption efficiency using lab-scale systems. To understand the effect of the physical property of the activated carbon, its mercury adsorption efficiency was investigated as a function of its Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area. Two simulated flue gas conditions, (1) without hydrogen chloride (HCl) and (2) with 20 ppm HCl, were used to investigate the effect of flue gas composition on the mercury adsorption capacity of activated carbon. Despite very low BET surface area of the prepared sewage sludge activated carbons, their mercury adsorption efficiencies were comparable under both simulated flue gas conditions to those of pinewood and coal activated carbons. After injecting HCl into the simulated flue gas, all sewage sludge activated carbons demonstrated high adsorption efficiencies, that is, more than 87%, regardless of their BET surface area.
Implications: We tested activated carbons prepared from dried sewage sludge to investigate the effect of their physical properties on their mercury adsorption efficiency. Using two simulated flue gas conditions, we conducted mercury speciation for the outlet gas. We found that the sewage sludge activated carbon had mercury adsorption efficiency comparable to pinewood and coal activated carbons, and the presence of HCl minimized the effect of physical property of the activated carbon on its mercury adsorption efficiency. 相似文献
163.
Jeong-Hun Kim Yong-Chil Seo Deepak Pudasainee Sang-Hyeob Lee Sung-Jin Cho Ha-Na Jang Ju-Myon Park Geum-Ju Song Kyu-Shik Park 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2009,11(3):183-190
The development of regulations patterned after the United States’ requirement for maximum achievable control technology (MACT)
to control hazardous air pollutants from major industrial sources in Korea is in progress. Current management practices and
installed air pollution control devices were surveyed; emission tests and continuous emission data collected from facilities
under operation were assessed considering other MACT requirements such as reporting, report keeping requirements. Emission
sampling and air pollutant analysis were carried out at representative hazardous waste incinerators installed with wet-type
and dry-type air pollution control devices. Korean and United States Environmental Protection Agency methods were used for
sampling and analysis. The major heavy metals emitted were Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cr. The heavy metal removal efficiency of existing
air pollution control devices was greater than 99%. The average mercury removal efficiency was more than 30%. Toluene; m,p-xylene; o-xylene; benzene; dichloromethane; styrene; ethylbenzene; 1,3-dichlorobenzene; and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were the major volatile
organic compounds emitted. The emissions from field tests were compared, reviewed, and analyzed with respect to MACT regulations
to check applicability. Finally, draft guidelines were suggested for effective hazardous air pollutant management in Korea. 相似文献
164.
Development of a SWAT Patch for Better Estimation of Sediment Yield in Steep Sloping Watersheds1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jong‐Gun Kim Younshik Park Dongsun Yoo Nam‐Won Kim Bernard A. Engel Seong‐joon Kim Ki‐Sung Kim Kyoung Jae Lim 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2009,45(4):963-972
Abstract: The watershed scale Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model divides watersheds into smaller subwatersheds for simulation of rainfall‐runoff and sediment loading at the field level and routing through stream networks. Typically, the SWAT model first needs to be calibrated and validated for accurate estimation through adjustment of sensitive input parameters (i.e., Curve Number values, USLE P, slope and slope‐length, and so on). However, in some instances, SWAT‐simulated results are greatly affected by the watershed delineation and Digital Elevation Models (DEM) cell size. In this study, the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch II was developed for steep sloping watersheds, and its performance was evaluated for various threshold values and DEM cell size scenarios when delineating subwatersheds using the SWAT model. The SWAT ArcView GIS Patch II was developed using the ArcView GIS Avenue program and Spatial Analyst libraries. The SWAT ArcView GIS Patch II improves upon the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch I because it reflects the topographic factor in calculating the field slope‐length of Hydrologic Response Units in the SWAT model. The simulated sediment value for 321 subwatersheds (watershed delineation threshold value of 25 ha) is greater than that for 43 subwatersheds (watershed delineation threshold value of 200 ha) by 201% without applying the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch II. However, when the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch II was applied, the difference in simulated sediment yield decreases for the same scenario (i.e., difference in simulated sediment with 321 subwatersheds and 43 subwatersheds) was 12%. The simulated sediment value for DEM cell size of 50 m is greater than that for DEM cell size of 10 m by 19.8% without the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch II. However, the difference becomes smaller (3.4% difference) between 50 and 10 m with the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch II for the DEM scenarios. As shown in this study, the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch II can reduce differences in simulated sediment values for various watershed delineation and DEM cell size scenarios. Without the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch II, variations in the SWAT‐simulated results using various watershed delineation and DEM cell size scenarios could be greater than those from input parameter calibration. Thus, the results obtained in this study show that the SWAT ArcView GIS Patch II should be used when simulating hydrology and sediment yield for steep sloping watersheds (especially if average slope of the subwatershed is >25%) for more accurate simulation of hydrology and sediment using the SWAT model. The SWAT ArcView GIS Patch II is available at http://www.EnvSys.co.kr/~swat for free download. 相似文献
165.
Sunggyu Lee Sunmi Kim Hyun-Kyung Lee In-Seok Lee Jeongim Park Hai-Joong Kim Jeong Jae Lee Gyuyeon Choi Sooran Choi Sungjoo Kim Su Young Kim Kyungho Choi Sungkyoon Kim Hyo-Bang Moon 《Chemosphere》2013
Breast milk is a noninvasive specimen to assess maternal and infant exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). In this study, 206 breast milk samples were collected from 87 participants during lactation, at <7, 15, 30, or 90 days postpartum in four cities in Korea. The total concentrations of PCBs (ΣPCB) and OCPs (ΣOCP) ranged from <LOQ to 84.0 (median: 12.1) ng g−1 lipid weight and from <LOQ to 559 (median: 144) ng g−1 lipid weight, respectively. The residue levels of these contaminants measured in our study were relatively lower than those reported for European, African and Asian populations. Within a month postpartum typically after day seven the levels of ΣPCB and ΣOCP significantly increased. Some OCP compounds were correlated with maternal age, BMI, parity, and delivery mode. Certain types of dietary habits such as seafood and noodle consumption were significantly associated with ΣPCB and ΣOCP. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of ΣPCB and ΣOCP were 45.2–127 ng kg−1 bw day−1 and 625–1259 ng kg−1 bw day−1 during lactation, respectively, which are lower than the threshold values proposed by the US EPA and Health Canada. The exposure of Korean infants to chlordanes via breast milk had a potential health risk which deserves further investigation. 相似文献
166.
Mono- to tri-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans (DD/Fs) have not been studied as extensively as the 17 toxic 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners. In this study for the first time, mono- to octa-chlorinated DD/Fs were analyzed for seventy one human serum samples collected from incinerator workers as well as residents living near and far from the facility. The mean concentrations of ∑Cl1–8DD/Fs and 17-toxic congeners were 1890 and 398 pg g?1 lipid (11.9 TEQ pg g?1 lipid), respectively. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, and 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD were predominant congeners that accounted for more than 78% of the TEQ concentrations. The profile for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) was dominated by the most chlorinated congener, OCDD (>58%), while decreasing concentrations with increasing degree of chlorination were seen for polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs); MoCDFs (>83%) and DiCDFs (>6%). ∑Cl1–3DD/Fs accounted for 77% of the serum concentrations of ∑Cl1–8DD/Fs. These findings confirm that human beings are exposed to a large amount of ∑Cl1–3DD/Fs. Moreover, MoCDFs contributed more than 60% of the ∑Cl1–8DD/Fs and was highly correlated with ∑Cl1–8DD/Fs. Thus, 2-MoCDF could be a predictive indicator for ∑Cl1–8DD/Fs (rs = 0.96), and the combination of 2-MoCDF and OCDD could explain the 95.9% variation in the serum of ∑Cl1–8DD/Fs. These results suggest that low chlorinated DD/Fs should be studied extensively until these low chlorinated congeners will have been elucidated for their toxicities. 相似文献
167.
Donghwan Shim Sangwoo Kim Young-Im Choi Won-Yong Song Jiyoung Park Eun Soo Youk Soon-Chun Jeong Enrico Martinoia Eun-Woon Noh Youngsook Lee 《Chemosphere》2013,90(4):1478-1486
Genetic engineering of plants for phytoremediation is thought to be possible based on results using model plants expressing genes involved in heavy metal resistance, which improve the plant’s tolerance of heavy metals and accumulation capacity. The next step of progress in this technology requires the genetic engineering of plants that produce large amounts of biomass and the testing of these transgenic plants in contaminated soils. Thus, we transformed a sterile line of poplar Populus alba X P. tremula var. glandulosa with a heavy metal resistance gene, ScYCF1 (yeast cadmium factor 1), which encodes a transporter that sequesters toxic metal(loid)s into the vacuoles of budding yeast, and tested these transgenic plants in soil taken from a closed mine site contaminated with multiple toxic metal(loid)s under greenhouse and field conditions. The YCF1-expressing transgenic poplar plants exhibited enhanced growth, reduced toxicity symptoms, and increased Cd content in the aerial tissue compared to the non-transgenic plants. Furthermore, the plants accumulated increased amounts of Cd, Zn, and Pb in the root, because they could establish an extensive root system in mine tailing soil. These results suggest that the generation of YCF1-expressing transgenic poplar represents the first step towards producing plants for phytoremediation. The YCF1-expressing poplar may be useful for phytostabilization and phytoattenuation, especially in highly contaminated regions, where wild-type plants cannot survive. 相似文献
168.
In this study, several existing municipal solid waste (MSW) settlement estimation methods are reviewed and applied to analyze the settlement data of nine MSW landfills. Because a biodegradation-related settlement contributes differently to a long-term total settlement depending on the age of landfills, the actual MSW landfill sites are classified into three groups to specifically address the validity of each method in its prediction of a long-term settlement for each age category. Results demonstrate that there are considerable decreases in predicted settlement potentials as fill age increases. Comparisons indicate that the individual estimation methods display a considerable variation in predicting settlements in the fresh MSW landfills. On the other hand, for the old refuse landfills, all of the estimation methods, except the extended soil model, predict low settlement potentials. 相似文献
169.
Park GS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,135(1-3):153-162
Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of total suspended solids (TSS) in the shallow and macrotidal regions of the Korean
peninsula indicated there were significant changes in TSS concentrations. These were seasonally influenced by the wind, river
input and tidal cycle. There were high TSS values at estuarine and river mouth stations and during low tide due to the re-suspension
of bottom sediment by strong wind action during winter months, in addition the land input through rivers and strong tidal
current during ebbing. Monthly mean values of TSS significantly correlated with wind speed and nitrate concentration (p < 0.01). This indicated that the resuspension of surface sediment was a more important source of TSS than the river input,
and that nitrate was introduced into the water column during the resuspension process. TSS were seven times higher at low
tide than in high tide. Light penetration was significantly inhibited by TSS; as >98% of incident light was absorbed within
2 m and zero photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under 2 m in the estuarine stations during winter. Removal of heavy
metals and nutrients by TSS in the water column was evident. Over 80% of the initial concentration of nutrients was removed
within 10 min under various concentrations of TSS and also TSS contained significantly higher concentration of heavy metals
than surface sediment. The concentration levels of nutrients and chemical oxygen demand in the west coast were comparable
with the East and South Sea, even the major rivers in the Korean peninsula flow into the West Sea with major pollutant loadings
into the coastal areas. High concentration of TSS is likely to contribute to the removal process of these pollutants, resulting
in relatively lower levels of nutrients and organic materials in these coastal waters. 相似文献
170.
Jae-Won Yoo Yong-Woo Lee Jennifer L. Ruesink Chang-Gun Lee Chang-Soo Kim Mi-Ra Park Kon-Tak Yoon In-Seo Hwang Jun-Ho Maeng Rutger Rosenberg Jae-Sang Hong 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,170(1-4):141-157
The coast of the Korean peninsula experiences a range of human impacts, including pollution, shipping, reclamation, and aquaculture, that have motivated numerous local studies of macrobenthic organisms. In this paper, 1,492 subtidal stations were compiled from 23 studies (areas) to evaluate environmental quality on a broader scale. A common index in biomonitoring, Shannon–Wiener evenness proportion (SEP), could not incorporate azoic or single-species samples. This shortcoming was overcome by developing an inverse function of SEP (ISEP), which was positively correlated with independent measures of water quality available for nine sites and was not biased by the size of the sampling unit. Additionally, at Shihwa Dike, where samples were collected before and after reinstating a tidal connection with the ocean, ISEP values improved over time, as expected. Thus, it is now possible to assign Korean subtidal sites to seven ISEP “grades” and to use their values and trends to guide coastal management. 相似文献