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71.
Chris J. Matthews David B. Newton Roger D. Braddock Bofu Yu 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(1):27-41
Recently, the New Morris Method has been presented as an effective sensitivity analysis tool for mathematical models. The
New Morris Method estimates the sensitivity of an output parameter to a given set of input parameters (first-order effects)
and the extent these parameters interact with each other (second-order effects). This method requires the specification of
two parameters (runs and resolution) that control the sampling of the output parameter to determine its sensitivity to various
inputs. The criteria for these parameters have been set on the analysis of a well-behaved analytical function (see Cropp and
Braddock, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 78:77–83, 2002), which may not be applicable to other physical models that describe complex
processes. This paper will investigate the appropriateness of the criteria from (Cropp and Braddock, 2002) and hence the effectiveness
of the New Morris Method to determine the sensitivity behaviour of two hydrologic models: the Soil Erosion and Deposition
System and Griffith University Representation of Urban Hydrology. In the first case, this paper will separately analyse the
sensitivity of an output parameter on a set of input parameters (first- and second-order effects) for each model and discuss
the physical meaning of these sensitivities. This will be followed by an investigation into the sampling criteria by exploring
the convergence of the sensitivity behaviour for each model as the sampling of the parameter space is increased. By comparing
these trends to the convergence behaviour from Cropp and Braddock (2002), we will determine how well the New Morris Method
estimates the sensitivity for each model and whether the sampling criteria are appropriate for these models. It will be shown
that the New Morris Method can provide additional insight into the functioning of these models, and that, under a different
metric, the sensitivity behaviour of these models does converge confirming the sampling criteria set by Cropp and Braddock. 相似文献
72.
青铜峡铝厂氟污染对广武乡玉米影响的调查分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
监测了青铜峡铝厂东南方向4.5km的广武乡玉米叶,得知含氟量为43.94-166.1mg/kg,对照样品树新林场玉米叶的含氟均值为13.15mg/kg,广武乡的玉米受到了严重的氟污染,农作物减产严重。 相似文献
73.
研制了一种测定水中Mg2 + 的测试管 ,测定范围为 0 .5mg/L~ 2 .0mg/L。该测试管适用于现场应急监测 ,具有快速、简便、抗干扰能力强和价格低廉等特点 相似文献
74.
A novel analytical method has been established for on-line simultaneous determination of fluorene and acenaphthene,chrysene and benzo[a]anthracene (B[a]A) by polarization synchronous fluoromet.y (PSF) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The detection limits were: 0.039, 0.046, 0.016 and 0.042 mgL-1 for fluorene, acenaphthene, chrysene and B[a]A, respectively. The proposed method has been successfisily applied to simultaneous determination of these PAHs in environmental air and marine sediment samples. 相似文献
75.
Charles S. Tapiero 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,9(4):201-206
Conclusion In this paper we have considered a specific environmental game emphasizing both control-prevention efforts and the propensity to pollute by a firm which adopts a given pollution abatement technology. A random payoff game was constructed and solved under a risk neutral assumption and quadratic utilities for both the firm and the environmental controller. The game thus defined, provides a wide range of interpretations and potential approaches for selecting a control-inspection policies to prevent environmental risks. There are of course many facets to this problem, which could be considered and have not been considered in sufficient depth. For example, more complex control mechanisms and liabilities, the effects of insurance and risk sharing, the application of cooperative efforts and subvention of pollution abatement investments (through tax incentives and their like), etc. have not been considered [5,7]. These are topics for further research. The basic presumption of this paper is that it is very difficult to fully enforce pollution prevention by firms, as a result, some controls are needed to ensure that firms be controlled so that appropriate efforts are carried. 相似文献
76.
土壤重金属污染的灰色模糊评价 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
以灰色聚类为基础,提出了灰色模糊聚类分析法,并将其应用于土壤环境质量评价中,经实例分析表明,这是一种较为简便,合理、有效的评价方法。 相似文献
77.
Determination of Trace Organochlorinated Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Water 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zou Shichun Zhang Zhanxia Sheng Guoying Min Yushun Fu Jiamo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,44(1-3):563-568
A modified steam distillation liquid-liquid extraction (SDE) device is developed for the enrichment of trace organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in up to one litre of water samples. One ml of n-hexane is sufficient to extract the analytes. The extract can be analysed directly by a capillary gas chromatography-electron capture detector. The recoveries range from 84.6 to 102.3% for OCPs and 80.5 to 106.2% for PCBs, respectively. Matrice materials such as lipids and humic substances were removed by the SDE method from the extract and no further cleanup and concentration steps were needed. 相似文献
78.
Gottfried Tappeiner Ulrike Tappeiner Janette Walde 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(4):253-256
The complexity of today’s research problems increasingly demands that scientists move beyond the confines of their own discipline.
In this special issue, the basics of a transdisciplinary framework are established and problems analyzed in a specific discipline
are successfully integrated in this transdisciplinary network. The intent has been to go beyond only statements about the
importance of enabling early stage researchers to work across disciplinary boundaries, and to show that important discoveries
are being made at the intersection of disciplines. Embedding various research projects in a more global framework can meet
the demands of an interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary approach (especially for early stage researchers) and contribute
significantly to sustainable research. 相似文献
79.
A study on the orbit of air temperature movement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zong-Chang Yang 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(2):131-143
In this paper, we describe an air temperature movement by mapping its time series to the polar coordinates: the value of the
time series is plotted on the radial coordinate and the time on the angular coordinate. In this way, both the yearly and daily
air temperature movements from five different locations of China are used to demonstrate that, in an intuitionistic view,
air temperature movement is neither random nor chaotic, but has its own orbit. We then propose an elliptic orbit model for
the air temperature movement. Our proposed model provides quite good results when it is applied to the evaluation of yearly
air temperature movements in eight locations in various parts of the world, and the evaluation of daily air temperature movements
in five locations in Hunan Province of China on December 17, 2005. Results show that our approach provides a concise and helpful
model for air temperature analysis. 相似文献
80.
Solvent microextraction (SME) was applied to the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from spiked and real environmental soil samples with different matrices. Soil sample was mixed with 7 mL of acetone and 14 mL of water to allow partitioning of the PAHs from the soil to the liquid phase. A 2 microL octane drop suspended from a microsyringe needle tip was then immersed into the stirred solution-soil mixture for extraction. After an 11 min extraction, the octane drop was withdrawn into the syringe and injected directly into the GC for identification and quantification. The whole analysis procedure took 27 min, with an extraction time of 11 min, and a GC separation time of 16 min. A second extraction could be undertaken whilst the GC is running, hence the GC run time currently limits the sample throughput. In this method, a small amount of organic solvent was used for the extraction process, which produced little waste. The limits of detection for lower molecular weight (< 230) PAHs range from 0.13 to 0.36 mg kg-1, and for higher molecular weight (> 250) PAHs are estimated to be between 0.5 and 1.0 mg kg-1, with RSD values generally under 20%. Due to the small volumes of organic solvent used, the consumable cost per extraction is only US$ 0.12. This is the first report of the application of SME to solid samples, and the first report of the use of SME for the analysis of PAHs. 相似文献