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851.
852.
基于中国风能资源专业观测网的近地层风切变日变化特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以中国风能资源专业观测网2009年5至10月10~120 m的梯度风观测数据分析了全国近地层风切变特征,结果表明:①风切变总体呈现规律性变化趋势,即:日出前和日落后切变指数较大,随着近地层温度升高,切变指数逐渐下降,近地层温度达到最高时,切变指数达到最低值,后随着日落、地面温度下降,切变指数逐渐上升,直到次日日出、日落周期;②因局地海(湖)陆分布的差异以及下垫面粗糙程度的不同,切变指数在各地的变化可归纳为如下几种类型:典型陆地型、海陆效应差异型、湖(河)陆效应差异型、特殊地形(峡谷)型、切变指数偏大型和特殊型;③从不同梯度间的风切变特征来看,低层(30 m附近)较为明显,而中高层(50 m和70 m)较小,说明30 m高度为我国近地层风速变化较为明显的层次。该研究资料序列短,可能在反映全国近地层风切变特征的普适性方面还存在一定的不足,但仍可作为我国风能资源丰富区近地层不同梯度间风切变分布和变化特征的重要参考,期望通过该研究的开展为风电场的布设及近地面层风能资源的利用提供技术依据。 相似文献
853.
ZhiYing Yan XiuLi Wei YueXiang Yuan ZhiDong Li Dong Li XiuFeng Liu 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2016,66(4):420-428
Odor pollution is a big environmental problem caused by large-scale livestock production in China, and developing a practical way to reduce these odors is pressing. In this study, a combination of 0.2–1.0 U/mL lignin peroxidase (LiP) and one of three peroxides (H2O2, CaO2, 2Na3CO3·3H2O2) was examined for its efficiency in reducing the release of eight chemicals (propionic acid, isobutyric acid, isocaproic acid, isovaleric acid, phenol, p-cresol, indole, and skatole), NH3, H2S, and odor intensity from pig manure. The results showed an approximately 90% reduction in p-cresol, 40–60% reduction in odor intensity, 16.5–40% reduction in indolic compounds, and 25–40% reduction in volatile fatty acids. Being the electron acceptors of LiP, 2Na3CO3·3H2O2 and CaO2 performed better than H2O2 in reducing the concentration of eight chemicals, NH3, H2S, and odor intensity from pig manure. The effect of deodorization can last for up to 72 hr.
Implications: In China, one of the major environmental problems caused by confined feeding is odor pollution, which brings a major threat to the sustainability, profitability, and growth of the livestock industry. To couple the LiP with the electron acceptors, a low–cost, simple, and feasible method for odor removal was established in this study. Based on the study results, a practical treatment method was provided for odor pollution and supply the farm operators a more flexible time to dispose treated manure. 相似文献
854.
855.
好氧颗粒污泥同时脱氮除磷技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用序批式活性污泥法(SBR)处理新疆油田公司准东石油基地污水,作为生物膜的一种特殊形式,介绍了该工艺的优点,在适宜的运行条件下进行实验。讨论了好氧颗粒污泥脱氮以及除磷的过程,分析了该工艺对氮、磷的去除率及好氧颗粒污泥在好氧、缺氧条件下的吸磷情况,当进水氨氮、磷和乙酸碳浓度分别为38.2 mg/L、27.7 mg/L和134.6 mg/L,MLSS和MLVSS分别为7.0 mg/L、6.4 mg/L时,氨氮、总无机氮、磷、乙酸碳的平均去除率分别达到98.8%、90.2%、98.9%、97.2%. 相似文献
856.
应用南京逐日观测资料分析了南京低温、冰冻和积雪灾害的变化特征及其与区域气候变暖的联系,得到如下结论:①低温、冰冻、积雪事件都存在一定的年代际和年际的周期变化;冬季平均最低气温和极端最低气温具有相似的周期性特征;积雪深度的年代际尺度的周期特征明显,但是较小尺度的年际周期不明显;②近50年来南京的低温、冰冻、积雪事件呈现波动下降的趋势;③南京年均气温和低温、冰冻、积雪事件之间存在较强的相关性与区域气候变暖关系密切。 相似文献
857.
Hailong Li Øivind Wilhelmsen Yuexia Lv Weilong Wang Jinyue Yan 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011,5(5):1119-1139
Accurate experimental data on the thermo-physical properties of CO2-mixtures are pre-requisites for development of more accurate models and hence, more precise design of CO2 capture and storage (CCS) processes. A literature survey was conducted on both the available experimental data and the theoretical models associated with the transport properties of CO2-mixtures within the operation windows of CCS. Gaps were identified between the available knowledge and requirements of the system design and operation. For the experimental gas-phase measurements, there are no available data about any transport properties of CO2/H2S, CO2/COS and CO2/NH3; and except for CO2/H2O(/NaCl) and CO2/amine/H2O mixtures, there are no available measurements regarding the transport properties of any liquid-phase mixtures. In the prediction of gas-phase viscosities using Chapman–Enskog theory, deviations are typically <2% at atmospheric pressure and moderate temperatures. The deviations increase with increasing temperatures and pressures. Using both the Rigorous Kinetic Theory (RKT) and empirical models in the prediction of gas-phase thermal conductivities, typical deviations are 2.2–9%. Comparison of popular empirical models for estimation of gas-phase diffusion coefficients with newer experimental data for CO2/H2O shows deviations of up to 20%. For many mixtures relevant for CCS, the diffusion coefficient models based on the RKT show predictions within the experimental uncertainty. Typical reported deviations of the CO2/H2O system using empirical models are below 3% for the viscosity and the thermal conductivity and between 5 and 20% for the diffusion coefficients. The research community knows little about the effect of other impurities in liquid CO2 than water, and this is an important area to focus in future work. 相似文献
858.
台风灾害的模糊风险评估模型 总被引:31,自引:10,他引:31
台风灾害的致灾因子具有多重性,这使得台风灾害的风险评估相对于其它灾害来说更加复杂。本文以广东省14个市辖区为例,分别从台风暴雨和台风大风的角度分析了台风致灾因子的时、空、强规律;结合进行研究区承灾体的易损性分析,即选择研究区人口密度、人均GDP和农业占GDP的比重等3个指标综合反映研究区台风灾害的潜在损失风险。在此基础上,本文进一步评估了研究区台风灾害所造成的风险水平的地区差异。结果表明,阳江、深圳、汕尾、珠海、湛江是广东省14个市辖区中受台风灾害影响风险最高的5个区域。 相似文献
859.
为了增加多壁碳纳米管(multiwall carbon nanotubers,MWNTs)对水中Cd2+的吸附量,使用混酸对多壁碳纳米管进行氧化处理,采用红外光谱进行结果表征,并探讨了吸附时间、pH值和MWNTs的使用量、Cd2+的浓度及干扰离子对镉离子吸附的影响。结果表明,吸附时间为1.5 h、pH为5.3、吸附效果最佳,随MWNTs量的增加Cd2+去除量增加,共存的阳离子会降低对Cd2+的吸附效果,对Cd2+的吸附符合Longmuir吸附定律。研究同时表明,pH小于2时Cd2+能容易从碳纳米管上解吸。初步探讨了Cd2+吸附机制。 相似文献
860.
Changwei Hu Yuxiong Ou Dayi Zhang Hui Zhang Cheng Yan Yongjun Zhao Zheng Zheng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):4168-4175
The Waigang River, a major tributary of the Qinhuai River system, has suffered from long-standing pollution because of lack of management. Restoration was commenced in April 2006 to reduce pollutants and improve water quality. Four ecological areas and ten surface carriers were constructed for the culture of plants (mainly water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)) for phytoremediation. Chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus, total nitrogen (TN), ammonia?Cnitrogen (NH3?CN), water transparency, and variations in phytoplankton population were investigated to evaluate the effects of restoration. Over 36?months, TSS, COD, TN, and NH3?CN levels decreased by 91.1, 55.3, 91.5, and 86.5?%, respectively. Transparency increased from 25?cm in 2006 to 165?cm in 2009. Improvements in water quality significantly enhanced the diversity of phytoplankton, which were harmed by pollution stress. Our results show that the water hyacinth and ryegrass cultured in the ecological areas and the surface carriers can be used to restore other heavily polluted rivers with conditions similar to those of the Waigang River, especially in the initial stages of restoration. 相似文献