铝灰酸溶法制备聚合氯化铝

以铝灰为原料采用酸溶法制备了聚合氯化铝（PAC）,并通过正交实验优化了PAC制备的最佳工艺参数,并考察了自制PAC对废水COD的去除效果。制备PAC的最佳工艺条件为：m（铝灰）∶V（HCl）∶V（H₂O）=10∶20∶40,反应温度85℃,反应时间2.5h,搅拌转速80r/min,熟化时间30h,熟化温度60℃。采用生石灰可高效、经济地调节产品的盐基度,且产品在处理印染废水时COD去除率达64.7%,高于市售同类产品。     

稠油废水破乳剂的研究进展

介绍了稠油废水的来源、特点和乳化成因,综述了稠油废水破乳剂的研究进展,分析了不同破乳剂的破乳机理和优缺点,并对破乳剂的发展方向进行了展望和建议。     

In-situ emission characteristics of odorous gases from two food waste processing plants

Odorous gas emission is the main environmental concern of food waste treatment. Two typical food waste processing plants, one for animal feed production by hydrothermal hydrolysis + aerobic fermentation (Plant A), and the other for biogas production by anaerobic digestion (Plant B), were selected to conduct in situ monitoring of fugitive odorous gas emission for five consecutive days, and the emission characteristics of NH₃ and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were compared in this paper. The results showed that the two processes had different emission characteristics of odorous gases. Closed-operated hydrothermal hydrolysis had positive effects on overall fugitive odor control in plant A. Meanwhile, more fugitive odor gases may be released into the environment during the pretreatment with high-temperature and seemingly-open facilities in plant B. The emission strength of odor gases at night was generally lower than that in the day since more fresh food waste was received in the day and the higher temperature and lower air pressure in the day were favorable to gas emission. In general, the process of hydrothermal hydrolysis + aerobic fermentation was more advantageous in controlling odor than the process of anaerobic digestion.     

脱硫灰用作钙质材料制备蒸压加气混凝土砖块

为实现半干法脱硫灰的资源化利用,采用半干法脱硫灰作为蒸压加气混凝土砖块中的钙质材料。对脱硫灰进行预处理,使其在含水量20%条件下消化2 h后,烘干。在其他条件不变情况下,掺入经过预处理后的脱硫灰,砖块的抗压强度会有明显的提高。增加经过预处理后的脱硫灰的掺入量,可以在不影响砖块的抗压强度性能的基础之上,降低砖块的干燥收缩值和导热系数,同时提高砖块的抗冻性能和保温隔热性能。     

基于Donnan分离的磷酸盐离子迁移与膜内分布

基于Donnan分离原理,研究磷酸盐离子在无电压条件下通过阴离子交换膜的迁移过程以及膜内磷酸盐的分布。结果表明,阴离子交换膜采用NaCl溶液浸泡预处理后,促进磷酸盐离子的第1步迁移过程,磷酸盐离子的迁移去除效果提高5%。受体液NaCl浓度是阴离子交换膜内磷酸盐含量的控制因素,其浓度从0.001 mol/L增加至0.1 mol/L时,膜内磷酸盐含量由0.077 mg/cm2降至0.002 mg/cm2。受体液NaCl浓度较高时,有利于促进磷酸盐离子的第3步迁移过程,且2层膜内磷酸盐含量的分布由给体液至受体液呈递减趋势。温度升高,低浓度受体液条件下膜内磷酸盐的含量增加,对高浓度受体液条件下膜内磷酸盐的含量几乎无影响。     

Fe2O3-Cr2O3/TiO2系列催化剂的结构和脱硝性能

研究以纳米TiO2为载体,浸渍负载过渡金属氧化物,以CO为还原剂的脱硝催化剂的脱硝性能。实验中以计算量的Ni（NO3）2和Fe（NO3）3混合溶液浸渍纳米TiO2粉末,室温下搅拌30 min至混合均匀,放入旋转蒸发器中,70℃下至水分蒸干为止;所得粉末在550℃下、空气气氛中焙烧4 h即得所需催化剂。用以上方法分别制备2%Fe2O3-10%Cr2O3/TiO2、4%Fe2O3-8%Cr2O3/TiO2、6%Fe2O3-6%Cr2O3/TiO2、8%Fe2O3-4%Cr2O3/TiO2与10%Fe2O3-2%Cr2O3/TiO2等5种催化剂样品。实验结果表明,制备的催化剂具有较好的结构,分散较为均匀。对于CO＋NO反应,Fe2O3-Cr2O3/TiO2系列催化剂具有较好的催化活性,NO的转化率都达到了100%。其中,10%Fe2O3-2%Cr2O3/TiO2样品具有最好的低温活性,H2-TPR结果表明,这是由于10%Fe2O3-2%Cr2O3/TiO2催化剂更易于被CO预还原。     

Highly efficient degradation of ofloxacin by UV/Oxone/Co2+ oxidation process

Introduction

In this study, UV/Oxone/Co²⁺ oxidation process was applied to degradation of ofloxacin (OFL) in the presence of Co²⁺ as the catalytic and Oxone as the oxidant. The operation parameters including pH, temperature, dosages of reagents, and reaction time were studied in detail.

Results

The results showed that the optimum conditions for the UV/Oxone/Co²⁺ processes were determined as follows: temperature?=?25°C, pH?=?5.0, [Oxone]?=?0.6?mmol/L, [Oxone]/[Co²⁺]?=?1,000, and reaction time?=?60?min. Under these conditions, 100% of the OFL degraded. The kinetics was also studied, and degradation of OFL by the UV/Oxone/Co²⁺ process could be described by first-order kinetics.

Conclusions

Mineralization of the process was investigated by measuring the total organic carbon (TOC), and the TOC decreased by 87.0% after 60?min. This process could be used as a pretreatment method for wastewater containing ofloxacin.     

用于CO2捕集的Mg（OH）2粉末溶解速率

氢氧化镁是一种正在研究的用于脱除烟气中低浓度CO2的化学吸收剂。为了掌握工业用氢氧化镁粉末的溶解速率,利用缓冲溶液,在不改变溶液体积的情况下对不同悬浊液浓度、溶液温度、溶液pH值和搅拌速率情况下的氢氧化镁粉末溶解速率进行了研究。提高悬浊液浓度、提高溶液温度、降低溶液pH值和提高搅拌速率均能增大氢氧化镁的溶解速率。悬浊液浓度从0.1 mol/L增加到1 mol/L时,溶解速率增大了2.2倍;温度从23℃增加到52℃时,溶解速率增大了4.3～9.5倍;pH值从9.8降低到6.6时,溶解速率增大了78～225倍;搅拌速率从350 r/min增加到700 r/min时,溶解速率增大了1～2倍。     

高职院校环境监察专业教学改革研究

高职院校学生与本科院校学生的教育特点不同,高职院校环境监察专业有其特殊的专业特色。环境监察专业为了达到更好的教育目的,需要从人才培养、课程体系建设、教学方法改革和实践教学探索等方面入手,不断改革人才培养方案,才能满足社会对专业人才的需求。