基于FDS的天然气集气站分离器喷射火特性仿真研究

天然气集气站火灾事故对集气站安全生产构成严重威胁,研究集气站内关键设备泄漏引发的火灾特性具有重要意义.基于大涡模拟(Large Eddy Simulation)数值方法,针对分离器内介质成分、相态等参数特殊性,采用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS建立集气站卧式气液分离器喷射火模型,对分离器典型泄漏孔径下的喷射火进行数值仿真,研究其火焰几何特性、火场温度及热辐射特性.结果表明,随分离器泄漏孔径的增大,喷射火火焰长度及火焰最大宽度也相应增大.大、小两泄漏孔径的喷射火在充分燃烧区域火焰最高温度分别为1 525 ℃和1 065 ℃.大孔径泄漏的喷射火热辐射值明显高于小孔径,并由于湍流浓度脉动的作用导致热辐射值波动较大,喷射火火焰轴向对称面与相距1.5 m的侧平面上测点热辐射峰值之比与泄漏孔径成正比.根据模拟结果,定量分析了两泄漏孔径下喷射火的危险距离,并提出相应的事故控制措施.     

紫外线辐射的危害——欧盟有关日光浴床安全的标准与法规

<正>1前言近年来,人们为了时尚或美容渴望拥有健康的古铜色皮肤,许多人选择使用日光浴床来晒黑皮肤。人们普遍存在一种错     

发射场液体推进剂个体防护体系的研究与设计

为了确保发射场液体推进剂作业人员的身体健康和生命安全,本文以安全系统工程理论为依据,结合液体推进剂作业要求以及防护装具现状,研究并建立了发射场推进剂作业个体三级防护体系。     

汽车环境风洞降雨模拟影响因素研究

目的 研究自然界降雨量与汽车环境风洞模拟降雨量之间的关系,得到中国气象条件的雨量设定经验公式,为汽车环境风洞模拟降雨量的设定提供理论依据。方法 理论分析自然界气象降雨和汽车环境风洞模拟降雨的特点和差异,研究影响汽车环境风洞模拟降雨量的因素。结果 在无风条件下,影响汽车环境风洞降雨量的因素有气象降雨量、前挡风玻璃倾角、雨滴直径和车速等。按照车速将降雨分为汽车停止和汽车行驶2种模式,提出结合中国气象条件的汽车环境风洞模拟降雨量的经验公式。结论 在相同降雨等级下,汽车停止状态下的汽车环境风洞降雨量一般大于车辆行驶状态。在气象降雨量等级为短时中雨时,行驶汽车的雨量设定值与车速呈指数增长关系。     

蚀刻液水合肼还原除铜

将电路板厂废弃的蚀刻液,经氢氧化铜沉淀法回收大部分铜后,再采用水合肼还原,进一步除铜。反应温度为50℃,水合肼质量分数为3．0％,溶液pH为6．0,废液中铜的去除率可达98.5％,处理后废液中铜的质量浓度低于0．2g／L,可作为碱性蚀刻液重复利用。     

Insight into the dynamic microbial community and core bacteria in composting from different sources by advanced bioinformatics methods

Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.

     

Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and number of outpatient Helicobacter pylori infection visits

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) is an important risk factor of gastrointestinal diseases, but factors leading to it are still not fully...     

Removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions by residual sludge and its biochars

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The removal and recovery of uranium (VI) from water solutions are critical for energy and environmental security. In this study, hydrochar at 100,...     

热-碱处理污泥与木耳菌糠共发酵产酸性能的研究

为克服单一剩余活性污泥(WAS)发酵产酸效率低的问题和资源化利用废弃木耳菌糠(SMS),本文对热-碱预处理污泥(PWS)和菌糠进行共发酵,研究预处理和菌糠添加对共发酵体系的产酸性能影响.试验基于原料的总固体含量(TS)共设置6个处理,分别为污泥(WAS∶SMS=1∶0)、预处理污泥(PWS∶SMS=1∶0)、菌糠(PW...     

不同类型表面活性剂对三氯乙烯的增溶作用

考察不同类型的表面活性剂对三氯乙烯(TCE)的增溶作用.选用阴离子型十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、非离子型聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚(TX100)、阳离子型十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)及生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和脂肽,研究表面活性剂对三氯乙烯的增溶能力.结果表明,5种表面活性剂浓度在临界胶束浓度(CMC)以上时,TCE在水相中的表观溶解度随表面活性剂浓度的增大而线性增大.质量增溶比(WSR)和摩尔增溶比(MSR)为鼠李糖脂>脂肽>CTAB>TX100>SDS.在各表面活性剂溶液中,所用的各表面活性剂质量浓度顺序为SDS#TX100=CTAB#鼠李糖脂=脂肽,两种生物表面活性剂的质量浓度仅为SDS的1%,但生物表面活性剂对TCE的饱和增溶容量有更好的提高效果.因此,相比之下,生物表面活性剂对TCE的增溶能力较强,其中以鼠李糖脂为最佳,而在化学合成表面活性剂中阳离子表面活性剂CTAB增溶TCE的效果最优.