碳质气溶胶作为大气气溶胶的重要组成部分,对大气环境质量、人类健康及全球气候变化有着重要的影响.为探究贵阳市花溪城区大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中碳质气溶胶的变化特征及来源,于2020年不同季节开展大气PM2.5原位观测研究,利用热/光学碳分析仪(DRI Model 2015)测定大气PM2.5的碳质组分.结果表明,观测期间大气ρ(PM2.5)、ρ[总碳质气溶胶(TCA)]、ρ[有机碳(OC)]、ρ[二次有机碳(SOC)]和ρ[元素碳(EC)]的平均值分别为:(39.7±22.3)、(14.1±7.2)、(7.6±3.9)、(4.4±2.6)和(2.0±1.0)μg·m-3,OC/EC的平均值为(3.9±0.8).ρ(PM2.5)、ρ(TCA)、ρ(OC)、ρ(SOC)和ρ(EC)呈现冬季最高[(52.6±28.6)、(17.0±9.6)、(9.1±5.2)、(6.1±3.9)和(2.4±1.2)μg·m-3],夏季最低[(25.1±7.1)、(11.6±3.6)、(6.3±1.9)、(3.7±1.2)和(1.6±0.6)μg·m-3]的季节变化特征.OC/EC季节变化呈现:夏季(4.2±0.8)>冬季(3.8±0.9)>秋季(3.8±0.5)>春季(3.7±0.9),表明花溪城区各季节均存在SOC生成.SOC与OC呈现显著相关(R2=0.9),且随着大气氧化性增强,SOC浓度呈增加趋势.OC与EC各季节均呈现较好相关性,其中秋季最高(R2=0.9),其他3个季节偏低(R2为0.74~0.75),表明二者具有共同来源.通过OC/EC值范围初步判断碳质气溶胶来源于机动车尾气排放、燃煤排放和生物质燃烧排放.为了进一步定量解析主要排放源对碳质气溶胶的贡献,利用PMF模型对碳质气溶胶来源解析,结果表明贵阳市花溪城区碳质气溶胶主要来源为燃煤源(29.3%)、机动车排放源(21.5%)和生物质燃烧源(49.2%). 相似文献
Ambient particulate matter (PM) pollution has been linked to elevated mortality, especially from cardiovascular diseases. However, evidence on the effects of particulate matter pollution on cardiovascular mortality is still limited in Lanzhou, China. This research aimed to examine the associations of daily mean concentrations of ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PMC, and PM10) and cardiovascular mortality due to overall and cause-specific diseases in Lanzhou. Data representing daily cardiovascular mortality rates, meteorological factors (daily average temperature, daily average humidity, and atmospheric pressure), and air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2) were collected from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017, in Lanzhou. A quasi-Poisson regression model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the associations. Stratified analyses were also performed by different cause-specific diseases, including cerebrovascular disease (CD), ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart rhythm disturbances (HRD), and heart failure (HF). The results showed that elevated concentration of PM2.5, PMC, and PM10 had different effects on mortality of different cardiovascular diseases. Only cerebrovascular disease showed a significant positive association with elevated PM2.5. Positive associations were identified between PMC and daily mortality rates from total cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and ischemic heart diseases. Besides, increased concentration of PM10 was correlated with increased death of cerebrovascular diseases and ischemic heart diseases. For cerebrovascular disease, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at lag4 was associated with increments of 1.22% (95% CI 0.11–2.35%). The largest significant effects for PMC on cardiovascular diseases and ischemic heart diseases were both observed at lag0, and a 10 μg/m3 increment in concentration of PMC was associated with 0.47% (95% CI 0.06–0.88%) and 0.85% (95% CI 0.18–1.52%) increases in cardiovascular mortality and ischemic heart diseases. In addition, it exhibited a lag effect on cerebrovascular mortality as well, which was most significant at lag6d, and an increase of 10 μg/m3 in PMC was associated with a 0.76% (95% CI 0.16–1.37%) increase in cerebrovascular mortality. The estimates of percentage change in daily mortality rates per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10 were 0.52% (95% CI 0.05–1.02%) for cerebrovascular disease at lag6 and 0.53% (95% CI 0.01–1.05%) for ischemic heart disease at lag0, respectively. Our study suggests that elevated concentration of atmospheric PM (PM2.5, PMC, and PM10) in Lanzhou is associated with increased mortality of cardiovascular diseases and that the health effect of elevated concentration of PM2.5 is more significant than that of PMC and PM10.