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591.
592.
Monique Liesenjohann Thilo Liesenjohann Lenka Trebaticka Marko Haapakoski Janne Sundell Hannu Ylönen Jana A. Eccard 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(11):2079-2089
Indirect exploitative competition, direct interference and predation are important interactions affecting species coexistence.
These interaction types may overlap and vary with the season and life-history state of individuals. We studied effects of
competition and potential nest predation by common shrews (Sorex araneus) on lactating bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in two seasons. The species coexist and may interact aggressively. Additionally, shrews can prey on nestling voles. We studied
bank vole mothers’ spatial and temporal adaptations to shrew presence during summer and autumn. Further, we focused on fitness
costs, e.g. decreased offspring survival, which bank voles may experience in the presence of shrews. In summer, interference
with shrews decreased the voles’ home ranges and they spent more time outside the nest, but there were no effects on offspring
survival. In autumn, we found decreased offspring survival in enclosures with shrews, potentially due to nest predation by
shrews or by increased competition between species. Our results indicate a shift between interaction types depending on seasonal
constraints. In summer, voles and shrews seem to interact mainly by interference, whereas resource competition and/or nest
predation by shrews gain importance in autumn. Different food availability, changing environmental conditions and the energetic
constraints in voles and shrews later in the year may be the reasons for the varying combinations of interaction types and
their increasing effects on the inclusive fitness of bank voles. Our study provides evidence for the need of studies combining
life history with behavioural measurements and seasonal constraints. 相似文献
593.
Ivana Teodorović Sonja Kaišarević Kristina Pogrmić-Majkić Ivana Planojević Svetlana Fa Vanja Dakić Jelena Hrubik Branka Glišić Radmila Kovačević 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2011,23(1):1-9
Background
In order to map exceedances of critical atmospheric deposition loads for nitrogen (N) surface data on the atmospheric deposition of N compounds to terrestrial ecosystems are needed. Across Europe such information is provided by the international European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) in a resolution of 50 km by 50 km, relying on both emission data and measurement data on atmospheric depositions. The objective of the article at hand is on the improvement of the spatial resolution of the EMEP maps by combining them with data on the N concentration in mosses provided by the International Cooperative Programme on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (ICP Vegetation) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LTRAP) Convention.Methods
The map on atmospheric depositions of total N as modelled by EMEP was intersected with geostatistical surface estimations on the N concentration in mosses at a resolution of 5 km by 5 km. The medians of the N estimations in mosses were then calculated for each 50 km by 50 km grid cell. Both medians of moss estimations and corresponding modelled deposition values were ln-transformed and their relationship investigated and modelled by linear regression analysis. The regression equations were applied on the moss kriging estimates of the N concentration in mosses. The respective residuals were projected onto the centres of the EMEP grid cells and were mapped using variogram analysis and kriging procedures. Finally, the residual and the regression map were summed up to the map of total N deposition in terrestrial ecosystems throughout Europe.Results and discussion
The regression analysis of the estimated N concentrations in mosses and the modelled EMEP depositions resulted in clear linear regression patterns with coefficients of determination of r 2 = 0.62 and Pearson correlations of r p = 0.79 and Spearman correlations of r s = 0.70, respectively. Regarding the German territory a nationwide mean of 18.1 kg/ha/a (standard deviation: 3.49 kg/ha/a) could be derived from the resulting map on total N deposition in a resolution of 5 km by 5 km. Recent updates of the modelled atmospheric deposition of N provided a similar estimate for Germany.Conclusions
The linking of modelled EMEP data on the atmospheric depositions of total N and the accumulation of N in mosses allows to map the deposition of total N in a high resolution of 5 km by 5 km using empirical moss data. The mapping relies on the strong statistical relationship between both processes that are physically and chemically related to each other. The mapping approach thereby relies on available data that are both based on European wide harmonized methodologies. From an ecotoxicological point of view the linking of data on N depositions and those on N bioaccumulation can be considered a substantial progress. 相似文献594.
Hospital effluent and connected waste water treatment plant (WWTP) influent and effluent were sampled daily to determine the levels and inter-day variations of three naturally occurring steroid estrogens: estrone, 17β-estradiol, estriol, and synthetic 17α-ethinylestradiol. After solid phase extraction, interferences were removed with a silica gel clean-up step and the samples analysed using gas chromatography with mass selective detection (GC-MSD). The determined inter-day concentrations in hospital effluent were between 8.6 to 31.3 ng L(-1) for estrone, 相似文献
595.
Zarza Eugenia Diego-García Elia García Luz Verónica Castro Ricardo Mejía Gamaliel Herrera David Cuevas Raúl Palomeque Ángeles Iša Pavel Guillén Karina 《Food and environmental virology》2022,14(2):199-211
Food and Environmental Virology - The COVID-19 pandemic has been monitored by applying different strategies, including SARS-CoV-2 detection with clinical testing or through wastewater-based... 相似文献
596.
Simona Kralj-Fišer Tatjana Čelik Tjaša Lokovšek Klavdija Šuen Rebeka Šiling Matjaž Kuntner 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(7):565-575
Urbanization poses serious extinction risks, yet some species thrive in urban environments. This may be due to a pronounced developmental plasticity in these taxa, since phenotypically, plastic organisms may better adjust to unpredictable urban food resources. We studied phenotypic plasticity in Nuctenea umbratica, a common European forest and urban vegetation spider. We subjected spiderlings to low (LF), medium (MF) and high (HF) food treatments and documented their growth and developmental trajectories into adulthood. Spiders from the three treatments had comparable numbers of instars and growth ratios, but differed in developmental periods. Longest developing LF spiders (♀?=?390, ♂?=?320 days) had the smallest adults, but MF (♀?=?300, ♂?=?240 days) and HF (♀?=?240, ♂?=?210 days) spiders reached comparable adult sizes through shorter development. While males and females had comparable instar numbers, females had longer development, higher growth ratios, adult sizes and mass; and while males adjusted their moulting to food availability, female moulting depended on specific mass, not food treatment. We discussed the patterns of Nuctenea sex-specific development and compared our results with published data on two other Holarctic urban colonizers (Larinioides sclopetarius, Zygiella x-notata) exhibiting high plasticity and fast generation turn-over. We conclude that despite relatively unconstrained developmental time in the laboratory enabling Nuctenea to achieve maximal mass and size—main female fitness proxies—their relatively fixed growth ratio and long generation turn-over may explain their lower success in urban environments. 相似文献
597.
Miloloža Martina Cvetnić Matija Kučić Grgić Dajana Ocelić Bulatović Vesna Ukić Šime Rogošić Marko Dionysiou Dionysios Dion Kušić Hrvoje Bolanča Tomislav 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(2):1377-1402
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Research on plastic pollution has recently evidenced the ubiquitous presence of tiny plastic particles called microplastics. Microplastics alter organisms because... 相似文献
598.
A new heterogeneous photocatalyst was prepared by oxidative polymerization of the thiophene with ferric chloride in the ZSM-5 zeolite type. The synthesized polythiophene absorbs radiation in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum and by illumination with visible light generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in water medium. During illumination reactive hydroxyl radical was detected by the spin trapping EPR method. Efficiency of the photocatalyst was tested on the killing of Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli. 相似文献
599.
Stojsavljević Aleksandar Rovčanin Marija Miković Željko Perović Milan Jeremić Ana Zečević Nebojša Manojlović Dragan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(25):37375-37383
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Progressive industrialization in recent decades has contributed to the increase of metal levels in the environment, which has a dangerous impact on... 相似文献