基于SEM的城市突发事件现场应急指挥能力影响因素分析

为提升城市突发事件现场应急指挥能力,通过分析城市现场应急指挥能力影响因素,构建城市现场应急指挥能力影响因素与突发事件应急指挥效果结构方程模型,并采用SPSS和AMOS软件对北京市现场应急指挥能力进行研究。结果表明:应急指挥统筹决策对应急指挥能力影响相对较大,应急指挥对象影响相对较小;应急指挥体系建设对应急指挥统筹决策影响相对最大,其次是应急信息平台系统。城市应综合考虑各因素间相关关系,有针对性地提高应急指挥能力。     

辽河三角洲土地利用变化轨迹、驱动过程及生态系统服务时空演变

辽河三角洲位于"辽宁沿海经济带",拥有重要的自然保护区和保存完好的大面积芦苇沼泽和以盐地碱蓬为主的潮间带盐沼,栖息着多种濒危物种.1980年以来,农业开发、水产养殖、油气开采活动加剧,使得该区域生态环境发生巨变.本研究分析了1980—2010年,辽河三角洲土地利用时空变化轨迹及驱动过程,并应用InVEST模型模拟了碳储存、生境质量、水质净化3种生态系统服务的时空变化,在此基础上进一步分析了土地利用变化与生态系统服务的关系.研究结果表明:辽河三角洲地区土地利用变化以围垦、修复、淤积3种驱动为主,社会经济驱动主导,自然驱动明显.碳储量和生境质量呈下降趋势,而水质净化功能波动变化.土地利用和生态系统服务相关性表明湿地可以提供较高水平的3种生态服务功能,而生态服务功能低的区域则多与建设用地重合.在规划保护区或实施保护性修复措施时,应优先考虑3种生态系统服务的高价值区域,以实现高效、经济的生态环境保护.     

芬顿试剂法制备磁性碳纳米管及其对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能

采用芬顿试剂法在碳纳米管纯化样品表面负载纳米磁性氧化铁颗粒,制备磁性碳纳米管杂化材料(MWCNTs/Fe2O3),该杂化材料具有较高的纳米氧化铁负载率(>50%)和优异的磁性能,制备过程中无需额外添加阳离子,不会对环境造成不利影响.将磁性碳纳米管杂化材料应用于染料废水处理中,结果发现MWCNTs/Fe2O3对亚甲基蓝染料吸附性能较好,吸附后用磁铁易于达到固液分离的效果.吸附性能研究表明,磁性碳纳米管对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附在40 min内吸附容量迅速上升,其值达到最大平衡吸附容量的88%以上,60 min基本达到平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型(R2>0.999).磁性碳纳米管吸附亚甲基蓝的平衡吸附量qe与亚甲基蓝溶液的平衡浓度Ce的关系满足Langmuir(R2>0.999)、Freundlich(R2>0.97)以及Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R)(R2>0.96)等温吸附模型.通过Langmuir模型计算可知磁性碳纳米管对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附容量为69.98 mg.g-1,吸附过程为有利吸附,由D-R模型计算结果可以推断MWCNTs/Fe2O3对水溶液中亚甲基蓝的吸附机制以化学吸附为主.     

基于三维结构分析的碳排放总量控制研究——以浙江省为例

控制碳排放总量是能源环境治理的重要手段,是高质量发展的应有之义,更是我国完成2030年前碳达峰、争取2060年前实现碳中和的必然要求,但目前国家和地方并未明确实行碳排放总量控制。本研究以浙江为例,从能源生产侧、能源消费侧、区域三个维度,分析识别出浙江省碳排放总量控制的重点和难点:能源生产侧减排的重点在于提高非化石电力占比,难点在于推进存量火电机组的碳减排;能源消费侧减排的重点在于控制新上重大产业项目排放,难点在于控制第三产业和居民生活领域碳排放;区域减排的重点在于优化产业布局和用能结构,难点在于对地区碳排放总量缺乏有效约束。并提出电力结构低碳化、重点行业控碳、试点城市率先达峰和政策协同四方面突破点,争取到"十四五"末浙江省碳排放总量得到有效控制,为全国碳排放达峰做出浙江贡献。     

三国时期灾害与荒政述评

我国历史上是一个多灾的国度,水、旱、蝗、震、疫多有发生,特别是三国时期,是中国历史上最为动荡的时期之一,战乱频发,民不聊生,导致和加剧了灾害发生.由于频繁的自然灾害对农业生产破坏十分严重,人口死亡率很高,国家和民众财产损失较大,社会稳定受到严重冲击,危及封建国家的统治和地主阶级的地位.为缓和阶级矛盾,维持自身的统治地位,三国时期的魏蜀吴政权都对灾害采取了积极的应对措施.主要有:屯田增产,兴修水利,轻徭薄赋,抑奢崇俭,政府赈济,减刑增殖等.其中的一些荒政之策,对三国之后的历朝代也起有借鉴作用.     

国外防护眼镜的现状与发展趋势

防护眼镜是保护眼睛的重要单兵装备,本文分析了眼部伤害的主要因素,介绍了外军防护眼镜的发展现状,探讨了军用防护眼镜的发展趋势。     

Pyrolysis characteristics of cathode from spent lithium-ion batteries using advanced TG-FTIR-GC/MS analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Thermal treatment offers an alternative method for the separation of Al foil and cathode materials during spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)...     

考虑岩土体剪胀特性的边坡稳定性分析*

为考虑岩土体剪胀特性对边坡稳定性的影响,基于非关联流动法则,利用等效内摩擦角的概念对原抗剪强度参数进行修正,以修正后的等效参数c*,φ*探讨剪胀角对岩土体强度的影响,结合传统强度折减法以及基于临界曲线的双系数折减法,求解基于修正后等效参数计算的边坡安全系数,并给出安全系数的取值方法。结果表明:采用等效参数来考虑剪胀角的影响是可行的;随剪胀角的增大安全系数增大,且增长速度变缓,剪胀角在0~25°范围内对安全系数的影响显著,在实际工程计算中需要考虑剪胀角对边坡稳定性的影响;基于临界曲线的双系数折减法可较为直观地体现出剪胀角的影响程度,在研究剪胀角对边坡稳定性的影响时可采用此方法进行分析。     

Quantifying the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of medical waste generation during the outbreak of public health emergencies

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Based on the medical waste quantity and patient data during the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China, this study used...     

Spatial distribution of inorganic nitrogen contents of marsh soils in a river floodplain with different flood frequencies from soil-defrozen period

Contents of inorganic nitrogen (NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N) in soil profiles were measured in five typical zones ( including permanently flooded floodplain(B), 1-year floodplain (O), 5-year floodplain (F),10-year floodplain (T), and 100-year floodplain (H) )from Huolin River floodplain in Erbaifangzi, Jilin Province of China, in the soil-defrosted period (Mayof 1999). Contour maps and profile maps were constructed to describe the spatial distributions of NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N) in order to identify the influences of flood frequencies on them. Results showed that NH4(+)-N generally increased with depth in soil profiles from the five areas, but NH4(+)-N contents in T or H areas significantly differed from those in other areas. For NO3(-)-N, with the exception that there was a significant cumulative peak (6.77 +/- 0.08 mg kg(-1)) at 15-cm depth (10-20 cm) in B area, no significant difference was observed between NO3(-)-N contents in soil profiles from the other four areas. The horizontal distributions of NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N in top soils (0-10 cm) were different in the five areas,which were greatly influenced by flood frequencies. The highest content of NH4(+)-N or NO3(-)-N did not appear in B area but in the floodplain with certain flood frequency. For example, NH4(+)-N content (16.81 mg kg-(1)) in 5-year floodplain wetland was highest, and the highest content of NO3(-)-N(1.69 mg kg(-1)) appeared in 1-year floodplain wetland. In addition, NH4(+)-N contents were significantly correlated with soil pH, and NO3(-)-N contents had significant correlation with inorganic carbon, but there were no significant correlations between inorganic nitrogen and other selected soil properties.