重金属复合污染场地对花背蟾蜍雄性性腺的毒性作用

以花背蟾蜍为研究对象,以包头市某尾矿库南侧受污染的水域湿地和相对无污染的小白河黄河湿地保护区为研究样地。对比分析雄性花背蟾蜍形态学指标、精巢脏器系数、精子动态参数、精子畸形率、性激素、红细胞微核率和DNA损伤等相关指标,研究重金属复合污染场地对花背蟾蜍雄性性腺的毒性效应。结果显示:与小白河湿地相比,尾矿库湿地花背蟾蜍条件因子和精巢脏器系数显著高于小白河湿地(P<0.01)。尾矿库花背蟾蜍精子的鞭打频率显著升高,而精子活力显著降低(P<0.05),精子畸形率、红细胞微核率和DNA损伤均显著高于小白河湿地(P<0.05)。结果表明:尾矿库复合污染通过降低精子质量,增加红细胞微核率和DNA损伤对花背蟾蜍的雄性性腺造成毒理学影响,花背蟾蜍通过升高条件因子和精巢脏器系数来缓解复合污染的毒性胁迫。该成果对重金属复合污染场地两栖类动物种群保护以及生态平衡维护有着积极作用。     

地块重金属测定及生态环境风险评价研究

对某地块土壤样品进行采集、测试,利用单项污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、潜在生态危害指数对测定结果进行评价。铜、铅、锌、镉、汞、砷的浓度分别为21.7 mg/kg、27.8 mg/kg、66.9 mg/kg、0.125 mg/kg、0.070 mg/kg、17.7 mg/kg,达到《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618-1995)中的表1二级标准。单因子污染指数法计算结果显示监测地块土壤未受到污染;内梅罗综合污染指数均小于0.7,污染等级为安全、污染水平为清洁;监测的6种重金属的潜在生态危害系数均小于4,潜在生态危害指数计算结果小于150,表明有一定的轻微生态危害。     

核电厂厂址保护范围与要求探讨

核电厂厂址选择需要综合考虑各种自然和人为因素,一种宝贵的稀缺资源,考虑核电的长远规划,为防止由于人为因素使核电厂厂址及其周围环境条件遭到破坏,有必要采取有效的措施对核电厂厂址实施保护。核电厂厂址保护内容主要涉及核电厂安全、事故应急条件以及环境相容性等方面,保护范围可分为拟征地范围和非居住区、规划限制区、外围地带等,其中拟征地范围和非居住区是厂址保护中最为核心的区域,应当予以重点保护。通过对相关的保护范围和要求展开探讨,以期对今后核电厂厂址确定相关保护范围和要求具有一定的参考意义。     

济南市大气污染防治三区划定研究

根据《山东省区域性大气污染物综合排放标准》(DB37/2376-2013)实施要求,开展济南市市域范围大气污染防治三区划定。划定过程以地理信息系统空间分析技术为手段,根据各区域大气环境承载力、人口密度分布和生态环境敏感程度三个因素的空间分布差异,实现三区划分,形成划定初步方案。同时,结合相关规划和重点企业/工业园区空间布局状况,对初步划定方案进行调整,形成三区划定最终方案,并在此基础上提出各分区大气污染控制措施。     

A case study of development and application of a streamlined control and response modeling system for PM2.5 attainment assessment in China

This article describes the development and application of a streamlined air control and response modeling system with a novel response surface modeling-linear coupled fitting method and a new module to provide streamlined model data for PM_(2.5) attainment assessment in China.This method is capable of significantly reducing the dimensions required to establish a response surface model,as well as capturing more realistic response of PM_(2.5) to emission changes with a limited number of model simulations.The newly developed module establishes a data link between the system and the Software for Model Attainment Test—Community Edition(SMAT-CE),and has the ability to rapidly provide model responses to emission control scenarios for SMAT-CE using a simple interface.The performance of this streamlined system is demonstrated through a case study of the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) in China.Our results show that this system is capable of reproducing the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality(CMAQ) model simulation results with maximum mean normalized error 3.5%.It is also demonstrated that primary emissions make a major contribution to ambient levels of PM_(2.5) in January and August(e.g.,more than50%contributed by primary emissions in Shanghai),and Shanghai needs to have regional emission control both locally and in its neighboring provinces to meet China's annual PM_(2.5)National Ambient Air Quality Standard.The streamlined system provides a real-time control/response assessment to identify the contributions of major emission sources to ambient PM_(2.5)(and potentially O_3 as well) and streamline air quality data for SMAT-CE to perform attainment assessments.     

我国现行环境监测体制构建分析

环境监测体制直接影响到我国环境管理质量,近几年环境污染问题受到社会各界的广泛重视,提高监测力度可有效提高环境保护效率。本文将结合现行制度特点,讨论强化人员队伍、更新保护机制、集成现有资源、社会监督宣传、完善法律问责、使用信息化系统等制度构建策略,为推进制度落实提供参考与借鉴。     

Bioaccumulation,subcellular, and molecular localization and damage to physiology and ultrastructure in Nymphoides peltata (Gmel.) O. Kuntze exposed to yttrium

Bioaccumulation, subcellular distribution, and acute toxicity of yttrium (Y) were evaluated in Nymphoides peltata. The effects of Y concentrations of 1–5 mg L^?1 applied for 4 days were assessed by measuring changes in photosynthetic pigments, nutrient contents, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and ultrastructure. The accumulation of Y in subcellular fractions decreased in the order of cell wall > organelle > soluble fraction. Much more Y was located in cellulose and pectin than in other biomacromolecules. The content of some mineral elements (Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Mo) increased in N. peltata, but there was an opposite effect for P and K. Meanwhile, ascorbate, and catalase activity decreased significantly for all Y concentrations. In contrast, peroxidase activity was induced, while initial rises in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content were followed by subsequent declines. Morphological symptoms of senescence, such as chlorosis and damage to chloroplasts and mitochondria, were observed even at the lowest Y concentration. Pigment content decreased as the Y concentration rose and the calculated EC₅₀ and MPC of Y for N. peltata were 2 and 0.2 mg L^?1 after 4 days of exposure, respectively. The results showed that exogenous Y was highly available in water and that its high concentration in water bodies might produce harmful effects on aquatic organisms. N. peltata is proposed as a biomonitor for the assessment of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.     

Pilot study on the advanced treatment of landfill leachate using a combined coagulation,fenton oxidation and biological aerated filter process

Mature landfill leachate is typically non-biodegradable. A combination process was developed that includes coagulation, Fenton oxidation, and biological aerated filtering to treat biologically-produced effluent. In this process, coagulation and Fenton oxidation were applied in order to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) organic load, and enhance biodegradability. Poly-ferric sulfate (PFS) at 600 mg l^?1 was found to be a suitable dosage for coagulation. For Fenton oxidation, an initial pH of 5, a total reaction time of 3 h, and an H₂O₂ dosage of 5.4 mmol l^?1, with a (H₂O₂)/n(Fe²⁺) ratio of 1.2 and two-step dosing were selected to achieve optimal oxidation. Under these optimal coagulation and Fenton oxidation conditions, the COD removal ratios were found to be 66.67% and 56%, respectively. Following pretreatment with coagulation and Fenton oxidation, the landfill leachate was further treated using a biological aerated filter (BAF). Our results show that COD was reduced to 75 mg l^?1, and the color was less than 10 degrees.     

Associations between co-exposure to multiple metals and renal function: a cross-sectional study in Guangxi,China

The association between co-exposure to multiple metals and renal function is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the individual and joint effects of metal exposure on renal function in this study. We performed a cross-sectional study including 5828 participants in Guangxi, China, in 2019. Urine concentrations of 17 metals were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Logistic regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were applied to investigate the association of individual metal exposure with renal dysfunction. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to assess the co-exposure effects of the metals. Participants with the highest quartile of urinary Cu were at 1.84-fold (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20–2.87) increased risk of renal dysfunction compared with the lowest quartile. The highest quartiles of urinary Sr, Cs, V, Ba, and Se were associated with 0.27-fold (95% CI: 0.17–0.43), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.19–0.53), 0.41 (95% CI: 0.25–0.65), 0.58 (95% CI: 0.36–0.90), and 0.33 (95% CI: 0.19–0.56) decreased risk of renal dysfunction compared with their lowest quartile, respectively. Furthermore, urinary Ba and Cu were non-linearly correlated with renal dysfunction. The WQS analysis showed that mixed metal exposure was inversely associated with renal dysfunction (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.35–0.62), and Sr accounted for the largest weight (52.2%), followed by Cs (32.3%) in the association. Moreover, we observed a potential interaction between Cu, Cs, and Ba for renal dysfunction in BKMR model. Exposure to Se, Sr, Cs, V, and Ba is associated with decreased risk of renal dysfunction, whereas an increased risk is associated with Cu exposure. Co-exposure to these metals is negatively associated with renal dysfunction, and Sr and Cs are the main contributors to the associations.