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排序方式: 共有87条查询结果,搜索用时 281 毫秒
71.
Kobayashi K Pillai KS Guhatakurta S Cherian KM Ohnishi M 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(1):11-16
In the present study, an attempt was made to compare the statistical tools used for analysing the data of repeated dose toxicity studies with rodents conducted in 45 countries, with that of Japan. The study revealed that there was no congruence among the countries in the use of statistical tools for analysing the data obtained from the above studies. For example, to analyse the data obtained from repeated dose toxicity studies with rodents, Scheffé's multiple range and Dunnett type (joint type Dunnett) tests are commonly used in Japan, but in other countries use of these statistical tools is not so common. However, statistical techniques used for testing the above data for homogeneity of variance and inter-group comparisons do not differ much between Japan and other countries. In Japan, the data are generally not tested for normality and the same is true with the most of the countries investigated. In the present investigation, out of 127 studies examined, data of only 6 studies were analysed for both homogeneity of variance and normal distribution. For examining homogeneity of variance, we propose Levene's test, since the commonly used Bartlett's test may show heterogeneity in variance in all the groups, if a slight heterogeneity in variance is seen any one of the groups. We suggest the data may be examined for both homogeneity of variance and normal distribution. For the data of the groups that do not show heterogeneity of variance, to find the significant difference among the groups, we recommend Dunnett's test, and for those show heterogeneity of variance, we recommend Steel's test. 相似文献
72.
Kohei Ohta Mayumi Hirano Takayuki Mine Hiroshi Mizutani Akihiko Yamaguchi Michiya Matsuyama 《Marine Biology》2008,153(5):843-852
Gonadal sex steroid hormones are the principal factors that directly control the gonadal and morphological alterations during
sex change in hermaphrodite fish; however, the physiological mechanism of action by which these hormones govern body coloration
is poorly understood. The protogynous wrasse Pseudolabrus sieboldi is a good model for understanding the physiological mechanisms of gonadal and body color change during sex change in hermaphrodite
fish. To obtain information on the relationship between sex steroids and body color change during the process of gonadal sex
change, we analyzed body color, gonadal histology, and serum levels of sex steroids. Body color was analyzed using a quantitative
analytical method based on the hue value. Compared to other body parts of the fish, the anal fin changed color the most, becoming
increasingly redder in association with gonadal changes that converted ovaries to testes. Levels of serum 11-ketotestosterone
(11KT) increased as the gonadal sex change proceeded, whereas no significant change was observed in estradiol-17β (E2) levels.
Moreover, we found a significant correlation between the hue value of the anal fin and serum 11KT levels, but not E2 levels.
These results suggest that androgen, but not estrogen, plays a principle role in the changes in both gonadal morphology and
body color in the transformation from female to male in this species. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative demonstration
of the relationship between body color and serum steroid levels during sex change in fish. 相似文献
73.
Miyakawa S Takahashi K Hattori M Itoh K Kurazono T Amano F 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2006,27(1):157-158
We experienced five cases of Salmonella oranienburg infection in children living in Saitama prefecture. Thereafter the number of patients with S. oranienburg infection increased not only in Saitama (55 cases) but also in other parts of Japan in 1999 (1505 cases) in 1999. The source of S. oranienburg infection was identified as a snack made from semi-dry cuttlefish. 相似文献
74.
Huimin Wang Nobuko Saigusa Susumu Yamamoto Hiroaki Kondo Takashi Hirano Atsushi Toriyama Yasumi Fujinuma 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2004,38(40):7021-7032
Larch forests are distributed extensively in the east Eurasian continent and are expected to play a significant role in the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling process. In view of the fact that studies on carbon exchange for this important biome have been very limited, we have initiated a long-term flux observation in a larch forest ecosystem in Hokkaido in northern Japan since 2000. The net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) showed large seasonal and diurnal variation. Generally, the larch forest ecosystem released CO2 in nighttime and assimilated CO2 in daytime during the growing season from May to October. The ecosystem started to become a net carbon sink in May, reaching a maximum carbon uptake as high as 186 g C m−2 month−1 in June. With the yellowing, senescing and leaf fall, the ecosystem turned into a carbon source in November. During the non-growing season, the larch forest ecosystem became a net source of CO2, releasing an average of 16.7 g C m−2 month−1. Overall, the ecosystem sequestered 141–240 g C m−2 yr−1 in 2001. The NEE was significantly influenced by environmental factors. Respiration of the ecosystem, for example, was exponentially dependent on air temperature, while photosynthesis was related to the incident PAR in a manner consistent with the Michaelis–Menten model. Although the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was scarcely higher than 15 hPa, the CO2 uptake rate was also depressed when VPD surpassed 10 hPa. 相似文献
75.
The physical effects of dust accumulating on leaf surfaces, on leaf physiology, such as photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance and leaf temperature of cucumber and kidney bean plants were investigated by the use of chemically inert dust. It was found that dust decreased stomatal conductance in the light, and increased it in the dark by plugging the stomata, when the stomata were open during dusting. When dust of smaller particles was applied, the effect was greater. However, the effect was negligible when the stomata were closed during dusting. The dust decreased the photosynthetic rate by shading the leaf surface. The dust of smaller particles had a greater shading effect. Moreover, it was found that the additional absorption of incident radiation by the dust increased the leaf temperature, and consequently changed the photosynthetic rate in accordance with its response curve to leaf temperature. The increase in leaf temperature also increased the transpiration rate. 相似文献
76.
Yasuhito Igarashi Michio Aoyama Katsumi Hirose Pavel Povinec Sadayo Yabuki 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,5(3-6):51-69
Currently, atmospheric anthropogenic radionuclides (particulate) are controlled by suspension of the surface dust containing
those radionuclides (resuspension). We have found, therefore, that such radionuclides can be used as tracers of the surface
dust suspension, transport and its subsequent deposition in distant areas. The 137Cs/90Sr activity ratios in the atmospheric deposition, without the direct influence of nuclear tests and accidents, at the Meteorological
Research Institute (MRI, Tsukuba, Japan) during the 1990s were fairly low (average: 2.1). This value is not in agreement with
the ratios in Japanese surface soils (range of averages: 4–7), which had been considered as the primary source of the deposited
dust. This suggests that the current atmospheric dust deposition in Japan is a mixture of local and remote components. The
remote component could be an aeolian dust that has been transported long distances from arid areas. The major component is
most likely to be Asian dust. It was further hypothesized that other remote source may exist beyond the Asian domain, based
on accumulated observations and model results. To obtain more information about the dust transport, Sahara dust deposited
in Monaco in 2002 and a suspended dust collected in the Taklamakan area in 2001 were analyzed for 90Sr and 137Cs. The Taklamakan dust exhibited a 137Cs/90Sr ratio of about 4, which is within the range of atmospheric deposition observed at the MRI, while the Sahara dust exhibited
a higher 137Cs/90Sr ratio (about 13). Although the present Sahara datum was negative for our hypothesis of ‘hyper-range transport’, the seasonal
change of the 137Cs/90Sr ratio in the atmospheric deposition observed at the MRI requires an aeolian dust source having a low 137Cs/90Sr ratio, other than Asian dust. 相似文献
77.
78.
79.
Sato E Shibata K Wu YX Uezato T Kobayashi K Miura N 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2003,24(1):39-43
Skin darkened tadpoles sometimes appear spontaneously. Darkened was artificially induced in Xenopus larvae by yohimbine or chlorpromazine. These phenomena look like that are seen at pinealectomized or hypothalamus separated Xenopus larva. In this experiment, such a morphological color changed Xenopus larva is suggested by cause of inhibition of alpha2-adrenargic receptor or dopamine receptor from gastrula stages. 相似文献
80.
Saitoh Katsumi Kawabata Shin-ichirou Shirai Tadashi Sato Tatsuji Odaka Matsuo 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2003,3(5-6):173-180
PM2.5 and PM10 samples for megalopolis atmospheric particles were collected at Shinjuku, Tokyo in December 1998–January 1999 and August 1999, for two weeks both in winter and summer, with a 24 hr sampling interval. Sampling of PM2.5 and PM10 in diesel exhaust particles (DEP) was carried out using an automobile exhaust testing system, with a diesel truck placed on a chassis dynamometer. Sampling conditions included idling, constant speed of 40 km hr-1, M-15 test pattern and 60%-revolution/40%-load of maximum power. Mass spectrums of organic compounds adhering to the surface of the PM2.5 and PM10 samples were analyzed by laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LD-TOFMS, analytical mass range: m/z 1–m/z 380 000). LD-TOFMS analysis of those samples revealed consistently the detection of low-mass organic compounds up to m/z 800. For the megalopolis atmospheric particles, the mass spectrum pattern of wintertime samples was almost the same as that of the summertime samples for both PM2.5 and PM10. The major peak was m/z 177, and the minor peaks were m/z 84, 94, 101, 163, 189 and 235. The mass spectrum pattern of DEP was the same for all samples under all test conditions. The major peak was m/z 101, and other detected peaks were small. 相似文献