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41.
Kaushik Banerjee 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1):77-81
The residue dynamics of carbendazim and mancozeb in grape berries is reported. The fungicides were sprayed in accordance with the most critical use pattern i.e. 4 times at 15 days interval separately at recommended and double doses. The residues of each fungicide dissipated following 1st order rate kinetics. The half-lives of carbendazim and mancozeb were 7.3 and 8.1 days at recommended dose and 4.6 and 5.7 days at double dose. Ethylenethiourea (ETU), the toxic metabolite of mancozeb was detectable at harvest following four sprays of mancozeb at recommended dose. At double dose, however, the residues of ETU could be detected even after three sprays of mancozeb. The pre-harvest intervals for carbendazim and mancozeb were found to be 26 and 12 days at recommended dose and 33 and 17 days at double dose, respectively. 相似文献
42.
Kinetics of degradation of carbendazim by B. subtilis strains: possibility of in situ detoxification
Varsha P. Salunkhe Indu S. Sawant Kaushik Banerjee Pallavi N. Wadkar Sanjay D. Sawant Sandip A. Hingmire 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8599-8610
Food safety is a global concern due to the increased use of pesticides in agriculture. In grapes, carbendazim is one of the frequently detected fungicides. However, it is amenable to biodegradation. In this study, we aimed to assess the degradation of carbendazim by four Bacillus subtilis strains, which had earlier shown potential for biocontrol of grape diseases. In liquid medium, each of the four strains, namely, DR-39, CS-126, TL-171, and TS-204, could utilize carbendazim as the sole carbon source. The half-life was minimized from 8.4 days in the uninoculated spiked control to 4.0–6.2 days by the four strains. In Thompson Seedless sprayed with carbendazim at 1.0 g L?1, the residue on grape berries in control was 0.44 mg kg?1 after 25 days of application, whereas in grapes treated with the four B. subtilis strains, the residues had decreased to 0.02 mg kg?1. The degradation kinetics showed low half-lives of 3.1 to 5.2 days in treated grapes as compared to 8.8 days in control. In inoculated soils, the half-lives were 5.9 to 7.6 days in autoclaved and 6.5 to 7.2 days in nonautoclaved soils as compared to 8.2 and 8.0 days in respective controls. The growth dynamics of these strains in all the three matrices was not affected by presence of carbendazim. Bacillus strains TS-204 and TL-171 showed higher degradation rate than the other two strains in all the three matrices and show promise for in situ biodegradation of carbendazim. 相似文献
43.
The effect of fireworks on air quality was assessed from the ambient concentrations of various air pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM10 and TSP) during Diwali festival in Hisar city (India), in November 1999. The extensive use of fireworks was found to be related to short-term variation in air quality. During the festival the concentration of SO2 was observed to be increased approximately 10-fold at few sites, whereas the concentrations of NO2, PM10 and TSP increased 2-3 times, compared to the data collected on a typical winter day in December 1999. The maximum NO2 concentration was observed a day after the festival. The diurnal pattern of the above pollutants showed a slight increase in the night. The levels of these pollutants observed during Diwali were found to be moderately high, which can be associated with serious health impacts. 相似文献
44.
Ravindra K Mor S Ameena Kamyotra JS Kaushik CP 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,87(2):145-153
Spatial patterns of various criteria air pollutants,like SO2, NO2, O3, and TSP were studied atShahdara National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stationin Delhi (India) in July 1999. The minimum pollutantconcentrations were observed during morning hours,whereas the highest concentrations were found during thelate night hours, which seem to be related with thevehicular emission. Pre-monsoon daily ambient airquality spatial pattern was compared with the spatialpattern during initial and subsequent rain shower ofmonsoon. These spatial patterns were found to beessentially the same before and during rain, however asignificant decrease in SO2, NO2 and TSPconcentrations (40-45%) was observed after initial andsubsequent rains of the monsoon, demonstrating theimportance of rainfall in the scavenging of thesecriteria air pollutants. 相似文献
45.
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Enormous quantities of waste such as lawn waste (LW) and kitchen waste (KW) are generated in urban institutes, proper management of which is... 相似文献
46.
Phytoremediation of radiostrontium ((90)Sr) and radiocesium ((137)Cs) using giant milky weed (Calotropis gigantea R.Br.) plants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Potential of plants to remove radionuclides/toxic elements from soils and solutions can be successfully applied for removal of important radionuclides such as strontium-90 (90Sr) and cesium-137 (137Cs). When uptake of 137Cs and 90Sr by Calotropis gigantea plants incubated in distilled water spiked with the radionuclides either alone or in combination was studied, it was found to have a high efficiency for the removal of 90Sr, with 90% being removed from solutions (5 × 103 kBq l−1) within 24 h of incubation. However, in case of 137Cs, about 44% could be removed from solutions (5 × 103 kBq l−1) at the end of 168 h of incubation. Accumulation of 90Sr and 137Cs was higher in roots compared to shoots. The plants could remediate both 90Sr and 137Cs when they were added together to the solution. When two months old plants were incubated in low level nuclear waste, 99% of activity disappeared at the end of 15 days. The present study suggests that C. gigantea could be used as a potential candidate plant for phytoremediation of 90Sr and 137Cs. 相似文献
47.
Karthika Chenmala Swathy Krishna R Rahman Md. Habibur Akter Rokeya Kaushik Deepak 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(46):64951-64966
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak began in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and have since spread globally. Deep... 相似文献
48.
The effect of textile mill wastewater on germination, delay index, physiological growth parameters, and plant pigments of two cultivars of chickpea was studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of textile mill wastewater (treated and untreated) at different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for irrigational purposes. The textile effluent did not show any inhibitory effect on seed germination at a lower concentration (6.25%). The other reported plant parameters (delay index, root length, shoot length, dry weight, chlorophyll, and carotenoid) also followed a similar trend. Seeds germinated in 100% effluents but did not survive for longer periods. It has also been concluded that the effect of the textile effluent is cultivar-specific, and due care should be taken before using the textile mill wastewater for irrigation purposes. 相似文献
49.
Biologists, chemists, and physicists are collaborating to develop highly sensitive and specific biosensors for pathogen detection in the food, healthcare, and environmental sectors. Those novel biosensors allow quick detection and are thus expected to solve the issues of the emergence of highly virulent or antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This article reviews different types of biosensors used for pathogen detection, classified based on the type of transducer used. Optical biosensors integrate labeled means, e.g., fluorophores, quantum dots, and carbon dots to overcome photobleaching. Surface plasmon resonance is also used for enhanced sensitivity. Mechanical biosensors with piezoelectric crystals and cantilevers are adapted for the detection of food pathogens without sample preparation or labels. Conventional methods using electrodes for the measurement of electrochemical changes with differential pulse voltammetry or impedance spectroscopy are fast and highly sensitive. Immunosensors are developed for pathogen detection at trace levels using sample enrichment, signal amplification, and new visual detection techniques. 相似文献
50.
The metabolic fate of mancozeb in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits was evaluated. Results indicate rapid dissipation of mancozeb and its metabolic conversion to ethylenethiourea (ETU), the carcinogenic metabolite. Treatment with mancozeb at flowering stage resulted translocation of ETU in newly emerged fruits indicating the systemic nature of ETU. ETU was detected within one hour of final spraying of mancozeb at the doses of 1.5 and 3?kg a.i./ha. The residue level of ETU increased up to 3-day for both the treatments, which then rapidly dissipated to safer metabolite ethyleneurea (EU) and reached the below detectable limit within 25 days. Cooking of fresh tomatoes caused decontamination of mancozeb residues, which was associated with simultaneous increase in ETU residues. The degradation pattern of ETU after application of mancozeb was slower as compared to the spraying of ETU as such on the crop. A pre-harvest interval of 25 days is recommended. 相似文献