山西夏季气溶胶空间分布飞机观测研究

以搭载了多种气溶胶观测仪器的飞机为观测平台,在2013年夏季首次对山西中部地区霾日及晴空大气气溶胶空间分布特性进行了观测,得到气溶胶粒子数浓度和尺度的垂直分布廓线以及不同高度气溶胶粒子谱分布特征.研究发现,山西夏季非降水天气条件下气溶胶粒子以核模态和积聚模态的细粒子为主,粗粒子很少.霾日气溶胶数浓度是晴空的2~3倍,主要是核模态的小粒子;气溶胶粒子数浓度随着高度逐渐减小,低空存在气溶胶累积区,逆温层的存在是导致气溶胶累积区形成的主要原因;气溶胶粒子尺度随高度增加,大粒子主要分布在2500m以上的高空;不同高度上的气溶胶粒子谱均呈双峰或三峰分布,谱型基本一致,从近地面到5000m高空,气溶胶粒子谱随高度的增加略有展宽.观测区域气团后向轨迹模拟结果显示,4000m以上高空气溶胶粒子主要是从中国西北地区远距离输送而来,3000m以下气溶胶粒子则主要来源于近地面排放.     

黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型下生物土壤结皮的入渗效应

为揭示黄土丘陵区BSCs(生物土壤结皮)的入渗特征,以甘肃省定西市安家沟小流域为例,选择荒草地、沙棘灌丛和油松林3种典型土地利用类型进行采样,采用环刀模拟法研究不同土地利用类型下苔藓结皮和地衣结皮对水分入渗的影响. 结果表明:①不同土地利用类型下的2种BSCs均明显减少初渗速率和达到稳渗所需时间,初渗速率降幅最小值、最大值分别出现在油松林、荒草地下地衣结皮;荒草地、沙棘灌丛苔藓结皮稳渗速率相对裸土分别增加2.4%、10.0%,而二者地衣结皮明显降低稳渗速率,降幅分别为45.2%和55.0%,油松林下苔藓结皮和地衣结皮稳渗速率均增幅为18.2%. ②苔藓结皮在3种土地利用类型下均促进土壤水分入渗,其入渗量调控率在荒草地、沙棘灌丛和油松林下分别是1.0%、10.0%和0.7%;而地衣结皮在荒草地和沙棘灌丛下明显阻碍水分入渗,其入渗量调控率的绝对值分别为43.9%和50.0%,在油松林下的入渗量调控率则为16.5%. ③Horton模型对生物土壤结皮入渗过程拟合效果最好,较适于描述本区具有生物结皮覆盖的土壤入渗特征.      

催化湿式氧化复合催化剂对偶氮染料废水的降解

以C包覆海绵铁(SI-C)为载体,La、Mn、Ni的硝酸盐为前驱物,采用混合浸渍焙烧法制备了SI-C表层负载金属催化剂(Mn-Ni/C、Mn-La/C、Ni-La/C、Mn-Ni-La/C),以H2O2为氧化剂,研究常温常压下H2O2与催化剂协同作用处理偶氮染料模拟废水的效果,并对其制备条件和性能进行探讨.结果表明,负载型Mn-Ni-La/C在催化湿式过氧化氢氧化(CWPO)中降解效果最好,且0.02 mol·L-1的La、Mn、Ni硝酸盐金属浸渍液以体积比1:1:1均匀混合,300℃焙烧2 h条件下制得的催化剂效果最佳;通过海绵铁固定床外加高频交变磁场,实现一种新型热传递方式下的感应热非均相反应处理有机废水.以海绵铁为感应磁核,形成固-液界面高温微反应区,促进非均相催化反应的进行.实验结果显示直接蓝D-3GL的去除率达98.39%,对直接紫D-BL的去除率达97.56%,对直接大红D-GLN的去除率达92.18%.     

Model selection criteria for overdispersed data and their application to the characterization of a host-parasite relationship

In the statistical modeling of a biological or ecological phenomenon, selecting an optimal model among a collection of candidates is a critical issue. To identify an optimal candidate model, a number of model selection criteria have been developed and investigated based on estimating Kullback’s (Information theory and statistics. Dover, Mineola, 1968) directed or symmetric divergence. Criteria that target the directed divergence include the Akaike (2nd international symposium on information theory. Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary, pp 267–281, 1973, IEEE Trans Autom Control AC 19:716–723, 1974) information criterion, AIC, and the “corrected” Akaike information criterion (Hurvich and Tsai in Biometrika 76:297–307, 1989), AICc; criteria that target the symmetric divergence include the Kullback information criterion, KIC, and the “corrected” Kullback information criterion, KICc (Cavanaugh in Stat Probab Lett 42:333–343, 1999; Aust N Z J Stat 46:257–274, 2004). For overdispersed count data, simple modifications of AIC and AICc have been increasingly utilized: specifically, the quasi Akaike information criterion, QAIC, and its corrected version, QAICc (Lebreton et al. in Ecol Monogr 62(1):67–118 1992). In this paper, we propose analogues of QAIC and QAICc based on estimating the symmetric as opposed to the directed divergence: QKIC and QKICc. We evaluate the selection performance of AIC, AICc, QAIC, QAICc, KIC, KICc, QKIC, and QKICc in a simulation study, and illustrate their practical utility in an ecological application. In our application, we use the criteria to formulate statistical models of the tick (Dermacentor variabilis) load on a white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) in northern Missouri.     

利用人皮肤模型评价杀菌类农药腐蚀/刺激性的研究

建立人皮肤模型检测杀菌类农药的腐蚀/刺激性,探讨体外皮肤模型替代农药的动物皮肤安全性评价实验的可行性和影响因素.使用人皮肤成纤维细胞与鼠尾胶原混合培养模拟真皮层,在真皮层上接种人角化细胞,经气液培养形成表皮层.通过细胞活性和细胞因子测定鉴别化合物的腐蚀/刺激性,并比较体外皮肤模型和动物测试结果的一致性.结果表明,皮肤模型对十种农药的腐蚀性测试中,与动物安全评价测试结果完全一致.在刺激性试验中,细胞因子白介素-1a(IL-1a)作为检测终点提高了体外皮肤模型的灵敏性和准确性,人皮肤模型和动物测试结果的一致性达到80％.研究表明,构建的人皮肤模型在对杀菌类农药腐蚀/刺激性测试中初步表现出较好的性能,作为动物替代方法进行农药品安全性评价具有良好的应用前景.     

基因工程菌的发酵及偶氮染料脱色研究

考察了本实验室自行构建的基因工程菌pGEX-AZR／E.coli JM-109的培养条件（碳源、氮源及其量的选择,接种量、温度、pH值）;并考察其偶氮染料脱色能力范围。     

城市生命线系统防灾备灾能力极待提高

1 引子 完善的城市生命线系统是城市安全的标志.因为,平时它必须满足城市气、热、水、电、信息、交通的充足供给,灾时它应成为保障城市防灾减灾及恢复的备用系统,所以城市生命线系统建设要以"安全为天".但纵观国内外城市诸多事故与灾害,城市生命线系统现状总是脆弱的.仅2005年5月下旬的时段中事故及酿灾隐患迭出:     

南水北调工程实施后汉江水华发生可能性研究

南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游的生态与环境影响已有大量的研究成果,特别是对水华问题进行了更为深入的研究,但是其研究主要集中于仙桃至河口段,而沙洋以上河段还未进行过水华方面的研究工作。鉴于1998年及2003年两次发生的水华事件影响范围都达沙洋以上河段(已达湖北钟祥河段),以及南水北调中线工程实施后汉江河道流量减小,流速降低,水环境容量降低,特别是兴隆枢纽回水区的壅水作用使其水体流速大幅下降(经计算小于0.3 m/s),再加上汉江中下游水体中总氮、总磷含量普遍偏高,对兴隆枢纽回水区及襄樊市区段水华发生可能性分别应用加权灰关联度以及模糊数学中的隶属度概念进行了计算评价,得出结论为：在维持污染现状情况下兴隆枢纽回水区在枯水期(505.7 m\+3/s流量)具备水华事件发生的水文及营养物质条件;到2020年襄樊市区段也将具备水华事件发生的水文及营养物质条件。     

工业废水对洹河有机污染的调查与分析

采用适当的样品前处理技术,利用GC/MS对洹河水及焦化厂、染料厂废水进行有机污染物的分析,确定了工业废水对洹河造成有机污染的主要化合物,从而为企业污水的处理和洹河治理提供依据.     

The Effect of Aqueous Urea on the Processing, Structure and Properties of CGM

Corn gluten meal (CGM) is potentially a cost-effective raw material for producing a bioderivable thermoplastic. However, CGM disintegrates to a powder subsequent to processing with polar plasticisers, such as water. The hypothesis of this study was that aqueous urea could be used to denature protein within CGM and therefore encourage protein?Cprotein interactions leading to consolidated bioplastics when using water as a plasticiser. To assess this, the effects of aqueous urea on structure and properties of CGM with particular focus on storage were assessed. Processing of CGM with aqueous urea produced consolidated materials. FTIR analysis showed secondary structure was modified during processing, leading to increased amounts of ??-helices and random coils and reduction of the amount of intermolecular ??-sheets and turns. Above 6?wt% free water, the plasticising efficiency of water in processed CGM increased as the amount of denatured proteins increased. Below 6?wt% free water, protein secondary structure did not have a significant influence on thermal and flexural properties. It was found that storage environment and urea concentration influenced the rate of drying, however, the final water content was constant relative to CGM, and not urea. The materials were resistant to cracking at urea concentrations above 8?M, provided the mass loss during storage did not exceed 15?wt%.