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281.
Influence of Indian mustard (Brassicajuncea) on rhizosphere soil solution chemistry in long-term contaminated soils: A rhizobox study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study investigated the influence of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) root exudation on soil solution properties (pH, dissolved
organic carbon (DOC), metal solubility) in the rhizosphere using a rhizobox. Measurement was conducted following the cultivation
of Indian mustard in the rhizobox filled four di erent types of heavy metal contaminated soils (two alkaline soils and two acidic
soils). The growth of Indian mustard resulted in a significant increase (by 0.6 pH units) in rhizosphere soil solution pH of acidic
soils and only a slight increase (< 0.1 pH units) in alkaline soils. Furthermore, the DOC concentration increased by 17–156 mg/L
in the rhizosphere regardless of soil type and the extent of contamination, demonstrating the exudation of DOC from root. Ion
chromatographic determination showed a marked increase in the total dissolved organic acids (OAs) in rhizosphere. While root exudates
were observed in all soils, the amount of DOC and OAs in soil solution varied considerably amongst di erent soils, resulting in
significant changes to soil solution metals in the rhizosphere. For example, the soil solution Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations increased
in the rhizosphere of alkaline soils compared to bulk soil following plant cultivation. In contrast, the soluble concentrations of Cd, Pb,
and Zn in acidic soils decreased in rhizosphere soil when compared to bulk soils. Besides the influence of pH and DOC on metal
solubility, the increase of heavy metal concentration having high stability constant such as Cu and Pb resulted in a release of Cd and
Zn from solid phase to liquid phase. 相似文献
282.
The aim of this article was to study the effects of land use change and water reuse options on an urban water cycle. A water cycle
analysis was performed on the Goonja drainage basin, located in metropolitan Seoul, using the Aquacycle model. The chronological
e ects of urbanization were first assessed for the land uses of the Goonja drainage basin from 1975 to 2005, where the ratio of
impervious areas ranged from 43% to 84%. Progressive urbanization was identified as leading to a decrease in evapotranspiration
(29%), an increase in surface runo (41%) and a decrease in groundwater recharge (74%), indicating a serious distortion of the water
cycle. From a subsequent analysis of the water reuse options, such as rainwater use and wastewater reuse, it is concluded that wastewater
reuse seemed to have an advantage over rainwater use for providing a consistent water supply throughout the year for a country like
Korea, where the rainy season is concentrated during the summer monsoon. 相似文献
283.
Constructed wetland (CW) is the preferred means of controlling water quality because of its natural treatment mechanisms and
function as a secondary or tertiary treatment unit. CW is increasingly applied in Korea for secondary e uent of livestock wastewater
treatment. This study was conducted to recognize the characteristics of contaminants in the accumulated sediment at the bottom soil
layer and to reduce the phosphorus release from sediments of the free water surface CW for the treatment of secondary piggery
wastewater e uent from a livestock wastewater treatment facility. The results revealed that the dominant phosphorus existence types
at near the inlet of the CW were non-apatite phosphorus (59%) and residual phosphorus (32%) suggesting that most of the particles of
the influent are made up of inorganic materials and dead cells. Sediment accumulation is important when determining the long-term
maintenance requirements over the lifetime of CW. Continuous monitoring will be performed for a further assessment of the CW
system and design. 相似文献
284.
The potential impacts driven by climate variability and urbanization in the Boise River Watershed (BRW), located in southwestern Idaho, are evaluated. The outcomes from Global Circulation Models (GCMs) and land use and land cover (LULC) analysis have been incorporated into a hydrological and environmental modeling framework to characterize how climate variability and urbanization can affect the local hydrology and environment at the BRW. The combined impacts of future climate and LULC change are also evaluated relative to the historical baseline conditions. For modeling exercises, Hydrological Simulation Program‐Fortran (HSPF) is used in parallel computing and statistical techniques, including spatial downscaling and bias correlation, are employed to evaluate climate consequences derived from GCMs as well. The implications of climate variability and land use change driven by urbanization are then observed to evaluate how these overall global challenges can affect water quantity and quality conditions at the BRW. The results show the combined impacts of both climate change and urbanization can lead to more seasonal variability of streamflow (from ?27.5% to 12.5%) and water quality, including sediment (from ?36.5% to 49.3%), nitrogen (from ?24% to 124.2%), and phosphorus (from ?13.3% to 21.2%) during summer and early fall over the next several decades. 相似文献
285.
Sidney Aluani Maria Cristina F. Spilborghs Rebecca H. H. Kim 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2016,26(4):117-125
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a persistent environmental issue worldwide. This study summarizes the results obtained from a bench‐scale test of remediating PCB‐impacted soil. The research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of extracting the PCB Aroclor 1260 from soil, transferring it to a liquid matrix, and then treating the PCB‐containing liquid using an Activated Metal Treatment System, a technology developed by NASA based on zero valent magnesium (ZVMg). The soil was from a former electrical plant area impacted by PCBs. The initial concentration of untreated soil contained an average of 4.7 ± 0.15 mg/kg of Aroclor 1260. The results showed that the mass transfer phenomena is possible using ethanol as a liquid matrix, reaching transfer results up to 93 percent. The ZVMg enabled the destruction of the Aroclor 1260, which reached 20 percent without any buildup of undesirable by‐products, such as less chlorinated PCBs. ©2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
286.
Junmo Ahn Eun Hea Jho Moonkyung Kim Kyoungphile Nam 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2016,24(2):98-103
Bacterial synthesis of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) copolymer [P(3HB-co-3HV)] using the hydrolysate of rice straw waste as a carbon source was affected by the composition of the hydrolysate, which depends highly on the rice straw pretreatment condition. Acid digestion with 2 % sulfuric acid generated larger production of P(3HB-co-3HV) than 6 % sulfuric acid, but 3HV concentration in the copolymer produced with 2 % acid hydrolysate was only 8.8 % compared to 18.1 % with 6 % acid hydrolysate. To obtain a higher 3HV mole fraction for enhanced flexibility of the copolymer, an additional heating was conducted with the 2 % acid hydrolysate after removal of residual rice straw. As the additional heating time increased a higher concentration of levulinic acid was generated, and consequently, the mole fraction of 3HV in P(3HB-co-3HV) increased. Among the conditions tested (i.e., 20-, 40-, 60-min), 60-min additional heating following 2 % sulfuric acid digestion achieved the highest 3HV mole fraction of 22.9 %. However, a longer heating time decreased the P(3HB-co-3HV) productivity, probably due to the increased intermediates concentrations acting as inhibitors in the hydrolysates. Therefore, the use of additional heating needs to consider both the increase in the 3HV mole fraction and the decrease in the P(3HB-co-3HV) productivity. 相似文献
287.
Dongjin Lee Jisu Bae Jungu Kang Kiheon Kim 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2016,18(3):445-454
This study was to find out potential of methane yield on food waste and food waste leachate as biomass in Korea. The seven biogasification facilities were selected for comparison of theoretical methane yield and actual methane yield. The theoretical methane yield was calculated based on organic constituents (carbohydrate, protein, fat) and based on element analysis. The actual methane yield was investigated based on volatile solids and CODcr. Theoretical methane yields by organic constituents were 0.52 Sm3CH4/kg VS and 0.35 Sm3CH4/kg CODcr and these by element analysis were 0.53 Sm3CH4/kg VS and 0.36 Sm3CH4/kg CODcr. Actual methane yields were 0.36 Sm3CH4/kg VSin and 0.26 Sm3CH4/kg CODcrin. Considering the average removal efficiency of organic materials of seven FWL biogasification facilities, actual methane yields were 0.48 Sm3CH4/kg VSrem and 0.33 Sm3CH4/kg CODcrrem. Methane yield by organic constituents is very similar to that by element analysis and actual methane yields of volatile solids and CODcr were similar to theoretical value. The actual methane yield in this study showed approximated boundary values with previous other references which conducted in lab-scale or biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests. In conclusion, Korean food waste and food waste leachate have sufficient potential of methane yield in the ongoing biogasification facilities. 相似文献
288.
Joung-Soo Sun Jin-Man Kim Jong-Hyun Sung 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2016,18(4):752-762
Currently, wet bottom ash is not sufficiently utilized due to its content of unburned coal, chloride and moisture. In contrast, bottom ash discharged from the recently introduced dry process spends a longer time on the clinker conveyer in the lower part of the boiler and consequently contains a significantly smaller amount of unburned coal. Consequently, it has high potential for use as a lightweight aggregate for construction material because of properties such as high porosity, low unburned coal content, non-chloride, and non-moisture. However, it is not frequently used for construction because the ash particle has a flat and thin shape, coarse surface and unfavorable structural strength. Against this backdrop, this study has conducted a range of experiments to identify the shapes, structure, density, absorption, percentage of floating particles, unit volume weight, solid volume, characteristics of air bubbles and micro pores, crushing strength of bottom ash, and the following results were observed. Though the dry bottom ash has sharp and angular edges, its flat and thin shapes lead to vulnerable structures. Dry bottom ash of the size of 0.6 mm or larger has 50–60 % of the total pore rate and 30–50 % of the closed pore rate. Considering these qualities, by removing the relatively fragile surface parts and making the particles more globular, dry bottom ash can be used as a lightweight aggregate for construction field having outstanding performance in terms of light weight and insulation. 相似文献
289.
Dae-Min Kim 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2016,22(4):449-456
A total of 25 males participated to investigate the effects of the grip spans of pliers on the total grip force, individual finger forces and muscle activities in the maximum gripping task and wire-cutting tasks. In the maximum gripping task, results showed that the 50-mm grip span had significantly higher total grip strength than the other grip spans. In the cutting task, the 50-mm grip span also showed significantly higher grip strength than the 65-mm and 80-mm grip spans, whereas the muscle activities showed a higher value at 80-mm grip span. The ratios of cutting force to maximum grip strength were also investigated. Ratios of 30.3%, 31.3% and 41.3% were obtained by grip spans of 50-mm, 65-mm, and 80-mm, respectively. Thus, the 50-mm grip span for pliers might be recommended to provide maximum exertion in gripping tasks, as well as lower maximum-cutting force ratios in the cutting tasks. 相似文献
290.
Unraveling the impact of workforce age diversity on labor productivity: The moderating role of firm size and job security 下载免费PDF全文
Previous literature has suggested both positive and negative effects of age diversity on labor productivity: positive because of the potential knowledge complementarities between employees of different ages and negative because of the age‐related value differences that might reduce cohesion and cooperation, hampering firm performance. Using a Belgian sample of 5892 organizational observations (2008–2011), we unraveled these countervailing effects in two ways. First, we built on prior studies to suggest that the effect of age diversity depends on the particular shape of the age distribution: positive when it is heterogeneous (i.e., variety) and negative when it is polarized (i.e., polarization). This was supported by our findings. Second, we explored the moderating impact of two contextual contingencies, firm size and job security. As expected, the positive effect of age variety is reinforced in large firms and in firms where job security is high. Although firm size also emphasizes the negative effect of age polarization on productivity, job security, unexpectedly, does not moderate this relationship. Our study offers a valuable contribution to the literature as it reveals the boundary conditions of the competing implications of age diversity and, thus, allows one to account for the inconclusive findings reported in previous literature. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献