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611.
Shalini Srivastava Kumar Rohit Raj Abhishek Kardam 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2013,11(1):47-53
This article reports the synthesis of an efficient, low-cost material from maize powder to depollute arsenic-contaminated water. Arsenic is toxic for humans and other organisms even at low concentrations. The most well-known and severe case of arsenic poisoning through drinking water has been found in India and Bangladesh. Numerous inorganic materials have been tested for the removal of arsenic from water bodies over the last two decades. However, all such materials have several disadvantages such as unpredictable arsenic ion removal, high cost and the generation of toxic sludge that is often more difficult to manage. Alternatively, organic material from agricultural waste may be modified to enrich functional groups responsible for As sorption and, in turn, used to depollute contaminated waters. Here, Zea mays cob powder has been modified to remove arsenic species from water. Two modified materials were produced: an aminated maize powder and a thiolated maize powder. Amination was done using epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine. Thiolation was done using thioglycolic acids. Amination increased As (III) sorption from 70 to 75.8 % and As (V) sorption from 85 to 94.42 %, compared with unmodified maize powder. Thiolation increased As (III) sorption from 70 to 81.7 % and As (V) sorption from 85 to 90 %. Amination increased usability cycles from 3 to 5. Thiolation increased usability cycles from 3 to 6. The novel modified maize biosorbent has enough potential for the development of a low-cost technological pre-treatment step, prior to high-tech chemical treatments. 相似文献
612.
Biswajit Ruj Pradip Kumar Chatterjee 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2012,25(3):650-653
Release of chlorine gas causes deaths and injuries to workers and the public, resulting in the evacuation of communities and adversely affecting the environment as a whole. The off-site emergency plan is an integral part of any major hazard control system. This paper highlights some salient features of the emergency scenario from a chemical plant, which ultimately lead to fatal consequences all around upon releases of toxic chlorine gas. A typical scenario illustrating the dispersion model of chlorine (for three isopleths concentration) has been estimated by Complex Hazards Air Release Model (CHARM) software package. The enlarged form of this model diagram has been outlined on the area map of the study area for contingency planning. As a broad guide line to the district authorities for contingency planning, evacuation time has also been calculated with reference to a concentration level of 3 ppm chlorine. 相似文献
613.
Biraja Kumar Sahu Premalata Pati R. C. Panigrahy 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2014,18(3):285-297
Chilika Lake, the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia, is a prominent biodiversity hotspot along the Indian east coast. The geomorphology, water quality and biological productivity of the lake had undergone significant changes over the years under the influence of natural events and anthropogenic interventions. Decades of research have shown that the ecological changes of the lake system and its fisheries were influenced mainly by the water exchange between the lake and the sea that controls the salinity, siltation, macrophyte infestation and recruitment of marine forms. Depletion of fisheries and loss of biodiversity in 1980s and 1990s have been linked to the northward shifting of lake’s inlet and silting up of the outer channel. In order to improve the health of the lagoon and restoration of its biodiversity, a new mouth was dredged open in September 2000. Opening of the new mouth has resulted in some improvements with substantial increase in capture fishery, reduction in weed infestation, growth of seagrasses, appearance of dolphins and increase in the population of migratory birds. But, many stake holders claim that the problems associated with the lake ecology and its contribution to the socio-economic development of the stake holders still persist which could escalate in future. 相似文献
614.
Mudhoo Ackmez Gautam Ravindra Kumar Ncibi Mohamed Chaker Zhao Feiping Garg Vinod Kumar Sillanpää Mika 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2019,17(1):157-193
Environmental Chemistry Letters - The release of recalcitrant dyes into the biosphere is a threat because of pollution and environmental health issues. Adsorption using commercial activated carbon... 相似文献
615.
Poddar Nanda Das Susmita Dhar Subham Mondal Kajal Kumar 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2021,21(5):1069-1090
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Predicting the evolution of environmental dispersion of settling particles in wetland flows has a wide range of applications in ecological engineering. In the... 相似文献
616.
Yueqi Jiang Jia Xing Shuxiao Wang Xing Chang Shuchang Liu Aijun Shi Baoxian Liu Shovan Kumar Sahu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(5):88
617.
Sahu Rakesh Kumar Pervez Shamsh Chow Judith C. Watson John G. Tiwari Suresh Panicker Abhilash S. Chakrabarty Rajan K. Pervez Yasmeen Fatima 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(5):2205-2222
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This study describes spatiotemporal patterns from October 2015 to September 2016 for PM2.5 mass and carbon measurements in rural (Kosmarra), urban (Raipur),... 相似文献
618.
Mritunjay Kumar Singh Sultana Begam Chandan Kumar Thakur Vijay P. Singh 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2018,18(5):1121-1142
This study derives an analytical solution of the advection–dispersion (AD) equation commonly used to describe the transport of pollutants in a semi-infinite homogeneous aquifer. When an extra constant source term is added to the AD equation, it changes the solution of the equation. The AD equation is solved analytically using Laplace transform. Also, the equation is solved numerically using an explicit finite difference method and its stability condition is presented with the aid of matrix method. For the solution of the AD equation the following considerations are made: (1) The dispersion and velocity are considered as time-dependent; (2) dispersion is expressed as directly proportional to the square of velocity; (3) there is also diffusion; (4) there is some initial concentration and the aquifer domain is, therefore, not pollutant-free; (5) There is a time-dependent exponentially decreasing input source; and (6) the concentration gradient is assumed to be zero at the exit boundary. It is found that the contaminant concentration decreases with time contrary to what happens when the extra term is not included. 相似文献
619.
Jha MK Choubey PK Jha AK Kumari A Lee JC Kumar V Jeong J 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(10):1919-1925
Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are the most essential components of all electrical and electronic equipments, which contain noteworthy quantity of metals, some of which are toxic to life and all of which are valuable resources. Therefore, recycling of PCBs is necessary for the safe disposal/utilization of these metals. Present paper is a part of developing Indo-Korean recycling technique consists of organic swelling pre-treatment technique for the liberation of thin layer of metallic sheet and the treatment of epoxy resin to remove/recover toxic soldering material. To optimize the parameters required for recovery of tin from waste PCBs, initially the bench scale studies were carried out using fresh solder (containing 52.6% Sn and 47.3% Pb) varying the acid concentration, temperature, mixing time and pulp density. The experimental data indicate that 95.79% of tin was leached out from solder material using 5.5M HCl at fixed pulp density 50g/L and temperature 90°C in mixing time 165min. Kinetic studies followed the chemical reaction controlled dense constant size cylindrical particles with activation energy of 117.68kJ/mol. However, 97.79% of tin was found to be leached out from solder materials of liberated swelled epoxy resin using 4.5M HCl at 90°C, mixing time 60min and pulp density 50g/L. From the leach liquor of solder materials of epoxy resin, the precipitate of sodium stannate as value added product was obtained at pH 1.9. The Pb from the leach residue was removed by using 0.1M nitric acid at 90°C in mixing time 45min and pulp density 10g/L. The metal free epoxy resin could be disposed-of safely/used as filling material without affecting the environment. 相似文献
620.
Mahesh S Kumar GV Agrawal P 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(3):277-280
Several synthetic dyes employed in textile and food industries are discharged into aquatic environment. These visible pollutants in water damage environment, as they are carcinogenic and toxic to humans. The use of cost effective and ecofriendly plant cellulose based adsorbents have been studied in batch experiments as an alternative and effective substitution of activated carbon for the removal of toxic dyes from waste water. Adsorbents prepared from sugarcane baggase, were successfully used to remove certain textile dye such as crystal violet from an aqueous solution. The present investigation potentiate the use of sugarcane baggase, pretreated with formaldehyde (referred as Raw Baggase) and sulphuric acid (referred as Chemically Activated Baggase), for the removal of crystal violet dye from simulated waste water. Experiments were carried out at neutral pH with various parameters like dye concentration, temperature, contact time and adsorbent dosage. Efficiency of raw baggase was found better than chemically activated baggase for adsorption of crystal violet dye. The data obtained perfectly fits in the Freundlich adsorption isotherm. 相似文献