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651.
Ethiopia has accumulated obsolete pesticide stocks since pesticides were first imported in the 1960s due to prolonged storage of pesticides, inappropriate storage conditions because of poor storage facilities, the lack of trained staff and lack of national legislation for pesticide registration and monitoring system of pesticide use in the country. The first pesticide inventory conducted in 1995 led by FAO in collaboration with the government of Ethiopia had identified about 426 tonnes of obsolete pesticides mainly on state-owned agricultural farms and held by the Ministry of Health. However, these stocks have increased to over 1500 tonnes (including 200 active ingredients) as found in a detailed inventory conducted in 1999. The stocks included organochlorines (258.3 tonnes), organophosphates (155.4 tonnes), carbamates (58.5 tonnes), coumarines (14.9 tonnes), inorganics (30.2 tonnes), others (257.2 tonnes), mixed pesticides (70.4 tonnes) and unknown pesticides (307.1 tonnes) including both liquid and solid state formulations. The obsolete organochlorine pesticides stocks were mostly pesticides such as chlordane, DDT, dieldrin and lindane that are banned or restricted in most countries. The highest amount of a single active ingredient found was the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos methyl (172.1 tonnes). All these stocks were disposed of in the first phase of disposal in Finland (during 2000–2003) by the hazardous waste management company Ekokem at a cost of about US$ 4.44 million. Another 1000 tonnes of obsolete pesticides have been identified and are currently being eliminated in a second disposal phase at a total cost of US$ 8 135 500. Along with the disposal process, a number of activities are being implemented to prevent future pesticides accumulation. These activities include the development and enforcement of pesticide policy, the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and Integrated Vector Management (IVM), capacity building in terms of providing professional trainings, creating awareness among stakeholders on the environmental and human health hazard posed by obsolete pesticides as well as other actions to prevent their accumulation and enforcement of national legislations and policies related to pesticides use. However, pesticide use in the country is increasing. For instance, 12 years of pesticides import data (1996–2007) by the Ministry of Agriculture shows that 2973 tonnes of pesticides were imported between 1996–1998, 3670 tonnes between 1999–2001, 5079 tonnes between 2002–2004 and 8302 tonnes between 2005–2007. Moreover, 6 years of insecticide import data (1996/97–2001/02) by the Ministry of Health shows that around 919 tonnes of insecticides were imported between 1996/97–1997/98, 812 tonnes between 1998/99–1999/00 and 970 tonnes between 2000/01–2001/02 for malaria and other vector borne diseases control. 相似文献
652.
653.
Bhaskar Kumar Anurag Al-Hashimi Abdulrahman Meena Mahesh Meena Vijay Singh Langyan Sapna Shrivastava Manoj Sayyed Riyaz Zafar El-Enshasy Hesham A Almunqedhi Bandar Mohsin Ahmed Singh Renu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(7):9792-9804
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A large amount of ammonia volatilization from the agricultural system causes environmental problems and increases production costs. Conservation... 相似文献
654.
Attia Youssef A. Giorgio Gianpaolo M. Addeo Nicola F. Asiry Khalid A. Piccolo Giovanni Nizza Antonino Di Meo Carmelo Alanazi Naimah A. Al-qurashi Adel D. El-Hack Mohamed E. Abd Khafaga Asmaa F. Bovera Fulvia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(7):9592-9605
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - COVID-19 pandemic has passed to the front all the contradictions of the beekeeping sector: the valuable role of bee products as immune enhancers and... 相似文献
655.
Mostafa Sahar A. Ahmed Nashaat Almeshal Ibrahim Tayeh Bassam A. Elgamal Mohamed S. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(50):75380-75401
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This research aimed to investigate the effect of nanorice husk ash (NRHA) prepared using different thermal treatment methods on ultra-high-performance... 相似文献
656.
Georgin Jordana Netto Matias S. Franco Dison S. P. Piccilli Daniel G. A. da Boit Martinello Kátia Silva Luis F. O. Foletto Edson L. Dotto Guilherme L. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(12):16988-17000
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Activated carbon prepared from grape branches was used as a remarkable adsorbent to uptake naproxen and treat a synthetic mixture from aqueous... 相似文献
657.
Ascoli-Morrete Thaís Bandeira Nelson M. G. Signor Elias Gazola Humberto A. Homrich Isis S. Biondo Rhaíssa Rossato-Grando Luciana G. Zanella Noeli 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(30):45549-45559
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The expansion of agricultural activities causes habitat loss and fragmentation and the pollution of natural ecosystems through the intense use of... 相似文献
658.
Alshehri Ali S. El-Kott Attalla F. El-Kenawy Ayman E. Zaki Mohamed Samir A. Morsy Kareem Ghanem Reham A. Salem Eman T. Ebealy Eman R. Khalifa Heba S. Altyar Ahmed E. AlGwaiz Hussah I. M. Ibrahim Essam H. Mahmoud Mohammed S. Dallak Mohammad A. Abd-Ella Eman M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(38):57591-57602
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of kaempferol against cadmium chloride (CdCl2) -induced nephropathy in rats. It also investigated if... 相似文献
659.
Alavi Javad Ewees Ahmed A. Ansari Sepideh Shahid Shamsuddin Yaseen Zaher Mundher 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(14):20496-20516
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Accurate prediction of inlet chemical oxygen demand (COD) is vital for better planning and management of wastewater treatment plants. The COD values... 相似文献
660.
Madboli Abd El-Nasser A. Seif Mohamed M. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(16):19768-19782