新疆巴州地区太阳能资源评估

利用1957—2010年新疆巴州地区焉耆和若羌气象站太阳总辐射,建立适用于计算巴州地区太阳总辐射的经验公式,其焉耆和若羌的相对误差分别在3.9%—6%、3.45%—9.3%之间。据此分析了巴州地区太阳总辐射的月际、年际分布状况,并对太阳能资源按行业标准进行了评估。结果表明,巴州地区年太阳总辐射等级为II级,资源丰富;年日照时数>6h的天数在259—294d之间,利用价值高;若羌和且末K<2,资源稳定度高,是光伏产业的首选之地。     

协定水污染物间接排放标准的法律问题探究

以协商的方式确定水污染物间接排放标准的规定打破了人们对标准确定性、强制性的传统认识。协定标准的优势在于充分利用污水处理厂的污水处理能力,减轻企业的污水处理负担,使企业可以集中力量搞生产。协定标准具有灵活性和优越性,应充分利用。通过对协定标准概念和重要性的分析,指出协定标准存在效力不确定、缺少对协定范围的限制等问题,造成协定标准在实践中通常被忽视或者滥用。并从明确协定标准的范围、加强排污企业的管理和协定标准的监督等方面,进一步提出了限制和完善水污染物间接排放标准的建议。     

Aerosol exposure assessment during reclaimed water utilization in China and risk evaluation in case of Legionella

• The Chinese population exposure habits were surveyed. • The risks of three scenarios of reclaimed water utilization were evaluated by QMRA. • The risks were markedly higher than the threshold (10⁻⁴ pppy) recommended by WHO. • The risks were age-, educational background-, region- and gender-specific. Reclaimed water utilization provides an effective way to alleviate water shortage. However, the residual pathogens in the recycled water like Legionella, could be spread into the air as aerosols through water-to-air transmission process. Inhaling the aerosols by the people nearby increases their susceptibility to diseases. For estimating the health risks associated with the potential exposure of airborne Legionella emitted from the urban use of reclaimed water in China, nationwide questionnaire was designed to investigate the exposure habits of Chinese population in different scenarios. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) served as the suitable explanatory tool to estimate the risk. The results indicated that annual infection probability of populations exposed to Legionella for three scenarios, 0.0764 (95% CI: 0.0032–0.6880) for road cleaning, 1.0000 (95% CI: 0.1883–1.0000) for greenfield irrigation, 0.9981 (95% CI: 0.0784–1.0000) for landscape fountain, were markedly higher than the threshold recommended by WHO (10⁻⁴ per person per year (pppy)) according to the concentration distribution of Legionella in the reclaimed water. An age-, educational background-, region- and gender-specific data in annual infection probability also showed different tendencies for some subpopulations. This study provides some detailed information on the health risks from the water reuse in China and will be useful to promote the safe application of reclaimed water in water-deficient areas.     

Sorption of Cr(VI) from dilute solutions and wastewater by live and pretreated biomass of Aspergillus flavus

Sorption of Cr(VI) was carried out from dilute solutions using live and pretreated biomass in a batch mode. Effects of agitation time, adsorbent dosage and pH were examined. The autoclaved biomass that showed maximum adsorption capacity (Q(0)=0.335 mg g(-1)) was used as an adsorbent in column studies. The optimized flow rate of 2.5 ml min(-1) and bed height 10 cm were used to determine the effect of metal ion concentration on removal of Cr(VI). Applying the BDST model to calculate the adsorption capacity (N(0)) of column, which showed 4.56 x 10(-5), 7.28 x 10(-5), 6.89 x 10(-5), 3.07 x 10(-5), 2.80 x 10(-5)mg g(-1) for 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 mg dm(-3) of Cr(VI), respectively. Batch sorption proved to be more efficient than the column sorption and hence batch sorption was used to remove Cr(VI) from a textile dyeing industry wastewater. The phytotoxic effect of treated and untreated wastewater was studied against Zea mays. Toxicity was reduced by 50% in the treated effluent.     

鄱阳湖不同湿地植物生物炭衍生DOM的光谱特征

目前有关天然湿地植物生物炭衍生溶解性有机质（BDOM）光谱特征尚缺乏系统的分析,因此,本研究采用紫外可见吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析法（PARAFAC）、荧光区域积分法（FRI）对鄱阳湖3种湿地植物（苔草、南荻和芦苇）的物质组成和光谱特征进行了分析.结果表明,热解温度对湿地植物BDOM的生物地球化学特征有很大影响,随热解温度的升高其稳定性提高,在500℃及以上的热解温度下可产生有效固碳生物炭.热解温度是影响BDOM释放的关键因子,BDOM释放量与温度呈显著负相关.BDOM释放含量总体上呈苔草>南荻>芦苇的规律.随着热解温度的升高,BDOM的分子量、类蛋白质浓度、有色溶解性有机质相对丰度、富里酸比例和芳香性逐渐下降,而腐殖化程度、自生源成分则先上升后下降.此外,通过PARAFAC解析出2个类腐殖质组分和2个类蛋白质组分,且苔草BDOM中荧光组分总体多于南荻和芦苇.FRI结果表明,300℃下BDOM以类富里酸为主,其他条件下BDOM以络氨酸类蛋白质、色氨酸类蛋白质为主.并且,本研究利用主成分分析进一步探究了这些光谱参数间的相互关系,结果表明,苔草的溶解性有机碳含量、蛋...     

长江三角洲地区城镇扩展、开发区设置遥感解译

长江三角洲地区开发区的设置同城市扩展紧密相联，１９８５年以来掀起了办开发区热。通过遥感信息的解译，获取了城镇扩展和开发区的设置的数据，至１９９３年下半年，经过调整，开发区走上了稳步、健康发展的轨道，成为经济发展的“窗口”与“示范”。     

End-of-life batteries management and material flow analysis in South Korea

Analysis of collection and recycling system of end-of-life batteries was examined. Relatively limited fractions of portable batteries were collected by EPR system. More effective and diverse collection pathways should be developed. Consumers increasingly have worn-out batteries as electrical and electronic equipment with new technical developments are introduced into the market and quickly replace older models. As a result, large amounts of end-of-life (EOL) or waste batteries are generated. Such batteries may contain a variety of materials that includes valuable resources as well as toxic elements. Thus, the proper recycling and management of batteries is very important from the perspective of resource conservation and environmental effect. The collection and recycling of EOL batteries is relatively low in South Korea compared to other countries, although an extended producer responsibility (EPR) policy was adopted for battery recycling in 2003. In this study, the management and material flow of EOL batteries is presented to determine potential problems and quantitative flow, based on literature review, site visits to battery recycling facilities, and interviews with experts in the Korea Battery Recycling Association (KBRA), manufacturers, and regulators in government. The results show that approximately 558 tons of manganese-alkaline batteries, the largest fraction among recycling target items, was disposed in landfills or incinerators in 2015, while approximately 2,000 tons of batteries were recovered at a recycling facility by simple sorting and crushing processes. By raising environmental awareness, more diverse and effective collection systems could be established for consumers to easily dispose of EOL batteries in many places. Producers, retailers and distributors in South Korea should also play an important role in the collection of EOL batteries from consumers. Lithium-ion batteries from many electronic devices must be included in the EPR system for resource recovery.     

非均衡视域下江苏沿海“三极一带多节点”空间发展模式研究

阐述了非均衡发展理论对沿海开发的指导作用,分析了江苏沿海非均衡发展的区域条件,指出了“三极一带多节点”空间发展模式的合理性,提出了实施“三极一带多节点”空间发展模式的战略思考.     

发展长三角地区城市文化旅游路径选择——以发展镇江市隐士文化旅游为例

分析了镇江市隐士文化资源的特质和旅游价值,提出了开发镇江市隐士文化旅游资源、发展城市文化旅游的对策,为长三角地区城市文化旅游发展提供参照样本。