畜禽沼液中抗生素和激素的微波处理

通过间歇处理和连续处理实验,探讨微波技术对沼液中四环素类抗生素和激素喹乙醇去除的效果。结果表明,沼液在微波间歇处理中,最优反应时间为40min。此条件下沼液中喹乙醇、土霉素、四环素和金霉素的去除率分别达到26％、49％、48％和70％;微波可显著提高可生化性,BOD5／COD值达到0．37。微波一好氧处理系统中COD与氨氮的去除率分别达到91％和93％,明显优于单独好氧处理。沼液微波连续处理中,最优HRT为90min,此时喹乙醇、土霉素、四环素和金霉素的去除率分别达到24％、45％、50％和74％;BOD5／COD值达到0．34。微波．好氧处理系统中COD与氨氮的去除率均为90％,优于单独好氧处理效果。     

生物质热电厂大气影响评价的研究

为确定生物质能发电环境方面的可行性,分析了生物质能发电的工艺流程,相比于火电的优缺点,并进行了生物质能热电联厂的大气环境影响评价研究。结果表明：预测评价的烟尘、SO2和NO2排放浓度分别为11,63mg／m^3、200．3mg／m^3和378．7mg／m^3,均远低于火力发电的排放值;在不同条件下、不同地点SO2和NO2的1小时、日均浓度也均远低于火力发电的浓度值。说明了生物质能发电在环境友好性方面具有明显的优势。     

碳氮磷比失调对污水生物脱氮除磷的影响

我国南方城市污水普遍存在低碳相对高氮磷特征,本文介绍了同时生物脱氮除磷的机理、对碳源的需求与竞争,以及一些针对此类污水生物脱氮除磷的改进工艺及其在实际运用中的效果,并对此类污水的处理方向进行了展望。     

绵竹市地表水环境质量现状及水环境容量分析

本文通过对绵竹市污染源现状调查及地表水环境现状评价,计算并分析了境内主要河流的水环境容量。绵竹市地表水环境污染较为严重,水环境容量短缺已成为绵竹市主要环境制约因素。为实现绵竹市水环境保护与经济社会的可持续发展,需及时采取污染物总量控制、工业污染防治、生活污水处理、控制农村面源污染等一系列措施。     

游憩践踏对芜湖赭山城市公园影响研究

城市生态型公园是户外游憩活动影响最集中的一个区域,特别是践踏的影响表现最为明显。对芜湖市赭山生态型城市公园的19条游憩路径进行了调查,路径总长度达3123m。分析了户外游憩活动践踏造成的影响,得出了不同的旅游路径对践踏所引起的路面变宽、植物根系暴露、多路径和路面损伤是不同的,土质路面游道受到践踏影响的程度最大,石板路面游道次之,水泥路面相对最小。城市生态型公园的道路系统建设应该适应游客的游憩需求,减少践踏对公园生态环境的影响,最大化地满足城市居民的需要。     

信息共享平台在环境管理中的支撑作用

建立环境信息共享平台,使环境管理数据实现共享,实现各类数据及时的关联,是环境管理工作发展的必然趋势,将为环境管理提供强有力的技术支撑.信息共享平台利用了大型数据库在性能、安全性、可靠性、数据一致性、分布式处理等方面的优势,将各主要环境业务部门的统计、收费、审批、监测等数据集中管理起来,数据管理人员、各级领导、业务部门员工通过统一的Web界面进行管理、查询分析大量的环境数据,从而简化环境数据管理的难度,提高环境数据管理的水平,大大方便用户对环保数据的访问,提高了数据利用效率.     

居民为改善城市河流黑臭现象的支付意愿研究——以滏阳河衡水市区段为例

滏阳河衡水市区段严重的黑臭污染给两岸的居民造成了工作、生活舒适性的威胁, 严重破坏了周围的环境景观.本研究采用意愿调查价值评估法,以滏阳河衡水市区段沿岸人口较稠密的21个居民区为调查对象,运用调查问卷调查居民对滏阳河环境改善的支付意愿.研究结果表明:衡水市居民为改善滏阳河水体黑臭的平均支付意愿是 66.82元/(户·年),全市总支付意愿是633.8万元/年,说明全市人民对滏阳河的治理需求还是非常迫切的.     

Effects of landfill leachate effluent and bisphenol A on glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes in the gills and digestive glands of the freshwater snail Bellamya purificata

Environmental contaminants with estrogenic activity have recently attracted attention due to their potential detrimental effects on the reproduction of human and wildlife. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of endogenous glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes as biomarkers of exposure to landfill leachate effluent and bisphenol A (BPA) in the freshwater snail, Bellamya purificata. Following exposure to 1%, 5% and 10% landfill leachate effluent and 1, 10, 50 and 100mugl(-1) BPA for 0, 2, 7 and 15d, activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) and levels of total glutathione were measured in the gills and digestive glands of the snails. GST and total glutathione were the most sensitive parameters in both exposure scenarios. GST activities increased by about 80%, while total glutathione decreased to 70% and 80% in the gills and digestive glands, respectively. In contrast, SeGPx and GR activities remained at the same levels in all the treatment groups compared with those of controls. The results indicated that among glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes, GST activity and total glutathione level, which showed dose-dependent dynamics, could be used as biomarkers of aquatic ecosystems contaminated with landfill leachate.     

Influence of clay minerals on the reduction of Cr6+ by citric acid

The influence of clay minerals on the reduction of Cr6+ by citric acid was investigated at pH values 4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 at 25 degrees C. The results indicate that montmorillonite and illite greatly accelerate the reduction reactions at pH 4.0 and 4.5, but their effects are dramatically reduced at pH 5.0. The role of clay minerals in accelerating the reactions is in the order: illite>montmorillonite>kaolinite, which has a positive correlation with the amount of Mn2+ adsorbed on the surfaces of these minerals. With light, Fe(3+) also significantly increases reaction rates. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) greatly suppresses the acceleration of the reduction reactions by these minerals, indicating that EDTA competes with citric acid for Mn2+. Thus, the formation of complexes between Mn(2+) and citric acid could be a prerequisite for the acceleration of the reductions of Cr6+ by clay minerals. In addition, there is no relationship between the specific surface area of clay minerals and the reduction rate of Cr6+ by citric acid.     

柠檬酸废水达标治理和循环利用的研究

分析了柠檬酸生产废水来源及特点.根据柠檬酸废水的特点,研究了达标治理废水的工艺条件,并对厌氧反应器进行了综合比较,提出了废水循环利用的各种途径.