Fe0/厌氧微生物体系降解2,4,6-三氯酚特性研究

通过摇床间歇实验,研究了厌氧微生物与零价铁（Fe⁰）联合体系降解2,4,6-三氯酚（TCP）的特性,结果表明,在pH 7.5,35℃,150 r/min,Fe⁰ 10 g/L条件下,TCP初始浓度为30 mg/L时,TCP降解的拟一级反应速率常数为0.0207 h^-1,添加少量碳源可达到0.0390 h^-1,其降解速率是前者的1.88倍;添加碳源的体系在220 h内连续多次投加TCP降解率都达到80%以上,而不加碳源的体系在第2次投加TCP后降解率就只有30%左右;添加不同碳源,降解速率不同;添加2-溴乙烷磺酸钠（BESA）以及SO^2-₄、NO^-₃和S^2-对TCP降解有不同的抑制作用。     

满江红干体对锌离子的生物吸附

以满江红干体为生物吸附剂,研究了不同条件下对废水中Zn²⁺的净化作用。结果表明,满江红干体对Zn²⁺的吸附是一个快速的过程,前5 min的吸附量达到最大吸附量的62.9%,30 min达到吸附平衡;初始pH值对Zn²⁺的吸附有显著的影响,最适pH值为6;随着干体量的增加,吸附率逐渐提高而吸附量则降低;随着Zn²⁺初始浓度的增加,吸附率逐渐降低而吸附量则提高。满江红干体对Zn²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温线方程,最大吸附容量达57.5 mg/g。5次吸附解吸循环实验数据表明,重复次数和再生处理对满江红干体的吸附能力没有产生显著影响。因此,满江红干体在处理含Zn²⁺废水中的重复使用是可行的。     

Fe0-厌氧微生物体系处理活性艳红X-3B的试验研究

采用间歇式摇床试验,研究了葡萄糖共基质条件下Fe0-厌氧微生物体系中Fe0投加量、pH值、染料初始浓度对活性艳红X-3B模拟废水脱色率的影响,比较了Fe0-厌氧微生物、纯厌氧微生物及纯Fe03种体系中废水的脱色效果.结果表明:Fe0-厌氧微生物体系中初始浓度(50～500 mg/L)对活性艳红X-3B的脱色率影响不大;而Fe0投加量、pH值存在一个最佳范围;当Fe0投加量为260 mg/L,pH值为6.0,污泥浓度为0.35 g VSS/L,停留时间约为30 h时,体系中活性艳红X-3B的脱色率可达90%左右,比相同试验条件下纯Fe0、纯厌氧微生物体系达到此脱色率所需时间分别缩短了约1/2、7/10.在Fe0-厌氧微生物体系中,由紫外可见分光光度分析可推测活性艳红X-3B的脱色机理主要是其偶氮键发生断裂,生成苯胺和萘类物质,而且苯胺和萘类物质能得到进一步降解.     

升流式厌氧污泥床处理抗生素制药废水

采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理抗生素制药废水。实验结果表明:进水COD为9 300mg/L、容积负荷为9.3kg/(m3.d)时,COD去除率仍在80%以上;在COD∶ρ(SO42-)=6、进水ρ(SO42-)为1 500mg/L以下时,COD去除率一直保持在80%以上,SO42-去除率始终在23%以下。SO24-的存在对产甲烷菌影响不大,UASB反应器运行稳定。UASB反应器产沼气的产气率达0.48m3/kg,沼气中甲烷体积分数为68%,二氧化碳体积分数为27%,产甲烷菌具有较高的活性。     

对秦皇岛市“十二五”环境保护规划的几点思考

"十一五"期间,秦皇岛市的环境保护取得了明显的成绩,"十二五"期间,秦皇岛市的环境保护工作仍然面临严峻挑战。因此,应该遵循环境优先、不欠新账、强化治理、机制创新、注重规划衔接等原则,高水平编制秦皇岛市"十二五"环境保护规划,重点落实编制秦皇岛市主体功能区划,深入推进水污染综合治理,建立完善环境保护考核机制,加强环境保护监督管理,明确环境保护重点项目,提高规划的可操作性。     

Projecting Spatial Patterns of Flood Hazard: Recent Climate and Future Changes over Yangtze River Basin

Projection of hazard changes in climate extremes is critical to assessing the potential impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. Using simulations of providing regional climates for impacts studies, five indicators (rainstorm days, maximum 3-day precipitation, elevation, gradient and distance from river or lake) were selected to project the spatial patterns of flood hazard over Yangtze River Basin for the baseline period (1961– 1990) and future (2011–2100) under SRES B2 scenario. The results ...     

扬州市农业节能减排的潜力分析

本文结合扬州市农业生产的实际,重点从化肥投入量的控减、农作物秸秆和畜禽粪便的资源化再利用等三个方面,分析扬州市农业节能减排的潜力。结果表明,扬州市农业节能减排的潜力巨大,只要完善相应的节能减排措施,通过农业生产节能和农业生产废弃物的能源化利用,每年可产生330万t煤炭的节能效益。据此,提出了推进扬州市农业节能减排的对策。     

锑在水中的形态变化及除锑技术现状

介绍了锑在水中的形态变化方式,如由固态锑到离子态锑的转变、锑离子的水解、锑的生物甲基化等,阐述了含锑废水的处理技术如吸附法、沉淀法、中和法等的优缺点,并指出高效、环保、廉价除锑吸附剂的开发和对锑甲基化转化过程的探讨是今后研究的重点.     

PCDD/F, PAH and heavy metals in the sewage sludge from six wastewater treatment plants in Beijing, China

In order to better understand land application of sewage sludge, the characterization of heavy metals, PCDD/F and PAHs in sewage sludge was investigated from six different wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Beijing City, China. It was found that the total concentrations of Zn in Wujiacun (WJC) sewage sludge, and Cd and Hg in sewage sludge generated from all of the six different places are higher than Chinese regulation limit of pollutants for sludge to be used for agriculture (GB18918-2002). The levels of 16 PAHs that have been categorized as priority pollutants by US EPA in the sewage sludge samples varied from 2467 to 25923 microg/kg (dry weight), the highest values of 25923 microg/kg being found in WJC WWTP. The concentrations of Benzo[a]pyrene were as high as 6.1mg/kg dry weight in WJC sewage sludge, exceeding the maximum permitted content by GB18918-2002. Individual PAH content varies considerably with sewage samples. The ratios of anthracene to anthracene plus phenanthrene (An/178), benz[a]anthracene to benz[a]anthracene plus chrysene (BaA/228), indene[1,2,3-cd]pyrene to indene[1,2,3-cd]pyrene plus benzo[g,h,i]perylene (In/In+BP), and fluoranthene to fluoranthene plus pyrene (Fl/Fl+Py) suggest that petroleum and combustion of fossil fuel were the dominant contributions for the PAHs in sewage sludge. The concentrations of total PCDD/F in the sewage sludge ranged from 330 to 4245 pg/g d.w. The toxicity equivalent concentrations is between 3.47-88.24 pg I-TEQ according to NATO/CCMS, which is below Chinese legislation limit value proposed for land application. The PCDD/F congener/homologue profiles found in the Beijing samples indicated that the high chlorinated PCDD/F contamination might originate mainly from PCP-related source and depositional sources while the low chlorinated PCDD/F homologues could be originating from incineration or coal combustion. The major source of PCDD/Fs in Beijing sludge is still unclear.     

Selective removal of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous solution by triolein-embedded composite adsorbent

A novel composite adsorbent (CA-T) was used for the selective removal of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from aqueous solution. The adsorbent was composed of the supporting activated carbon and the surrounding triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption isotherms and fluorescence methods were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of CA-T. Triolein was perfectly embedded in the cellulose acetate membrane and deposited on the surface of activated carbon. The adsorbent was stable in water and no triolein leakage was detected during the test periods. Some organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), such as dieldrin, endrin, aldrin, and heptachlor epoxide, were used as model contaminants and removed by CA-T in laboratory batch experiments. The adsorption isotherm followed the Freundlich equation and the kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order reaction model. Results also indicated that CA-T appeared to be a promising adsorbent with good selectivity and satisfactory removal rate for lipophilic OCPs from aqueous solutions when present in trace amounts. The adsorption rate and removal efficiency for lipophilic OCPs were positively related to their octanol-water partition coefficients (log K(ow)). Lower residual concentrations of OCPs were achieved when compared to granular activated carbon (GAC).