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61.
Jannika E. Boström Thord Fransson Ian Henshaw Sven Jakobsson Cecilia Kullberg Susanne Åkesson 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(11):1725-1732
Recent experiments exposing migratory birds to altered magnetic fields simulating geographical displacements have shown that
the geomagnetic field acts as an external cue affecting migratory fuelling behaviour. This is the first study investigating
fuel deposition in relation to geomagnetic cues in long-distance migrants using the western passage of the Mediterranean region.
Juvenile wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) were exposed to a magnetically simulated autumn migration from southern Sweden to West Africa. Birds displaced parallel
to the west of their natural migration route, simulating an unnatural flight over the Atlantic Ocean, increased their fuel
deposition compared to birds experiencing a simulated migration along the natural route. These birds, on the other hand, showed
relatively low fuel loads in agreement with earlier data on wheatears trapped during stopover. The experimental displacement
to the west, corresponding to novel sites in the Atlantic Ocean, led to a simulated longer distance to the wintering area,
probably explaining the observed larger fuel loads. Our data verify previous results suggesting that migratory birds use geomagnetic
cues for fuelling decisions and, for the first time, show that birds, on their first migration, can use geomagnetic cues to
compensate for a displacement outside their normal migratory route, by adjusting fuel deposition. 相似文献
62.
Taru Peltola Maria Åkerman Jarkko Bamberg Pauliina Lehtonen Outi Ratamäki 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2018,20(2):157-169
Drawing on the wide social scientific literature on emotions and affects, we highlight the value and potential contribution of the affect theory for understanding public engagement in environmental policy and planning. We suggest that such theorization complements political ontologies that envision concerned publics to arise as citizens are attached to objects and other beings in their everyday life. Focus on emotions and affects enables in-depth exploration of the corporeality of these attachments, increasing understanding about how affected publics get driven for action and how new sensibilities and horizons for action are created. Based on the discussion of affect theory and case examples, we argue that emotions and affects should be treated as crucial carriers of knowledge about transformation of political subjects and their concerns. They also direct analytic gaze beyond public participation procedures and encourage the development of novel, more inclusive settings for public engagement. 相似文献
63.
Common mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) were exposed over a 5-month period to low-level concentrations (0.5 to 1.5 ppm) of a nonionic surfactant. Upon maturation at the end of this period, spawning ability was examined. Fertilization occurred at low-level concentrations (0.1 to 2.0 ppm) of the surfactant, and was most successful for gametes from the long-term controls and the highest long-term concentration (1.5 ppm). Inhibited or delayed larval development was observed, related to the concentration gradient of the short-term exposures. Gametes from mussels long-term exposed to the surfactant were more sensitive than those from the long-term control. 相似文献
64.
Understanding the demography and function of biotope-forming seaweed species is of great importance for the conservation of
the target species itself, as well as its associated organisms. The brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum is fundamental for the functioning of coastal marine ecosystems in the North Atlantic. In this study, we use a data-based
size-classified matrix model to investigate the temporal and spatial variability in demography, and the environment-specific
stochastic sensitivity and elasticity, of two A. nodosum populations, one in western Sweden and one on the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea. A significant difference between the two
populations was that the Swedish population had comparably low and more variable stochastic population growth rate (λ
s). This pattern was partly explained by the relatively high and varying mortality rates during extreme ice-years in Sweden,
and by the lower survival of small individuals during all years. There were also fewer large individuals in Sweden due to
lower transitions to the larger size-classes and higher probability of shrinkage. Sensitivities were analogous in the two
populations, and showed a high selection pressure for increased individual growth. Elasticities were also similar, with the
exception that survival of the smallest individuals (i.e., transition a
1,1), had a higher elasticity on the Isle of Man. Overall, the stochastic growth rate (λ
s) was most sensitive to proportional changes in loop- (i.e., survival within size-class) and, to some extent, growth-transitions
in both study areas. These results show that structurally and demographically diverging A. nodosum populations may be similarly sensitive to changes in vital rates. This, in turn, indicates a plastic life history of A. nodosum that may cope with large environmental variability. The results further suggest that environmental change affecting the survival
or growth of the larger, reproductive A. nodosum individuals could have severe and regional effects on the abundance and biomass of this species, with potential negative
effects on the biodiversity of the associated communities. 相似文献
65.
Andreas Sundelöf Stuart R. Jenkins Carl J. Svensson Jane Delany Stephen J. Hawkins Per Åberg 《Marine Biology》2010,157(4):779-789
The importance of external and internal population processes in determining variation in reproductive output and variation
in population size were quantified with model simulations for open populations of the sequentially hermaphroditic limpet Patella vulgata using field data from the Isle of Man and South West Ireland. Cross-correlation analyses of model outputs and elasticity
analyses show that population dynamics are dominated by the effects of large females, and that recruitment adds little to
reproductive output. However, populations experiencing low but highly variable recruitment appear male limited and recruitment
pulses carrying young males into the population are correlated to reproductive output with a 2–5-year lag. We conclude that
pulses in recruitment can be a major structuring force in these limpet populations, but site-specific post-recruitment processes
will determine the relative importance of recruitment to population dynamics and the lag between recruitment and reproductive
output. 相似文献
66.
Jagers Sverker C. Harring Niklas Löfgren Åsa Sjöstedt Martin Alpizar Francisco Brülde Bengt Langlet David Nilsson Andreas Almroth Bethanie Carney Dupont Sam Steffen Will 《Ambio》2020,49(7):1282-1296
Ambio - The phenomenon of collective action and the origin of collective action problems have been extensively and systematically studied in the social sciences. Yet, while we have substantial... 相似文献
67.
Mikael Larsson Carl-Erik Grip Hans Ohlsson Staffan Rutqvist Jan-Olov Wikström Sten Ångström 《International Journal of Green Energy》2013,10(2):171-183
During the years 2001–2002, a comprehensive study regarding CO2 emissions related to the steel production for the integrated steel making production route, was carried out. The study was financed by SSAB and carried out by a research group with members from SSAB, MEFOS and LTU. The aim was to study the emissions from the existing system and how these could be influenced by process changes and by process modifications. The calculations were made using a global spreadsheet model for calculating the CO2 emissions, developed from an existing Energy and Process Integration model of the same system. The calculated cases included the existing BF/BOF route as well as integration of other processes, e.g., an electric arc furnace, DR processes, COREX and a new future smelting reduction process concept (Sidcomet). All new existing alternative ore based process technologies would increase the specific CO2 emission from the system. A technology transfer to scrap based metallurgy would significantly decrease the emission level, but is not feasible for SSAB, due to the future product mix and the structure of scrap availability. In a 5–20 year perspective, the existing steel making process route with the use of magnetite ore for pellet production has the lowest specific CO2 emission. In a long-term perspective, 20–50 years, alternative process routes, e.g., based on H2 and DRI, could be of interest. Studies on such changes are, however, big projects and should be carried out as joint European and/or international efforts. 相似文献
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